TESTUDINID#. 439 
of the carapace; peripherals 7, 8, 10, and 11 of the right side; peripheral 11 of the left side; 
the pygal; fragments of the costals and neurals; the right humerus; the left radius; the left 
fibula; and the left half of the pelvis. Cope states that the limbs were present, but no other 
parts of these now remain than those just mentioned. The plastron indicates by its flatness 
that the individual was a female. 
The skull (figs. 579-582) is nearly complete and has been described by Cope. A com- 
parison of the table of measurements here given with those presented by that author shows that 
some of the latter are incorrect. Cope’s figures, when differing, are given in parentheses. 
Millimeters. 
Length of skull from snout to end of supraoccipital spine 115 
Length of skull from snout to end of occipital condyle 99 
Width of skull at quadrates.. . sate 72 (80) 
Width of interorbital space . 28 (19) 
Greatest width of palatal fossa.......... ar 32536) 
Elevation of occiput above basisphenoid . 33 
Length of mandible from articular to symphysis aS 
Depth of mandible at symphysis i 18 (19) 
The skull is neither elongated nor broad. Seen from above (fig. 57g), the outlines expand 
from the squamosal processes forward to the front of the quadrates. From the hinder ends 
580. 
Fics. 579 AND 580.—Testudo orthopygra. Skull of type. X 3. 
579. Upper surface. 580. Palatal surface. 
of the maxillz the outlines converge rapidly to the snout. The interorbital space is rather 
wide and flat. The antero-posterior width across the paroccipital and prootic is 20 mm., while 
that from the prootic to the hinder border of the postfrontal is 25 mm. Both squamosals are 
missing. On the right side, as shown in fig. 581, the absence of the squamosal has exposed an 
opening into the tympanic cavity of the quadrate. On the left side a considerable portion of 
the hinder region of the quadrate has been broken away. The roof of the tympanic cavity 
does not rise much above the upper surface of the paroccipital, and no prominent ridge ran 
backward on the squamosal. 
The jugal arches are damaged, but they appear to have been narrow; there is evidence 
that they were at least 1: mm. wide. The orbits are nearly circular, and the antero-posterior 
diameter is 27mm. The nasal opening has a transverse width of 21 mm. There is a median 
notch at the symphysis of the premaxille. The cutting-border of the maxilla (hg. 581) 1s 
nearly straight, but the hinder end is missing. The palatal fossa (fig. 580) is wide and deepl) 
excavated. Cope states that the width is 36 mm. This seems to be too great, but the limits 
