450 FOSSIL TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
The skull (plate 80, hg. 2) is rather narrow. From the front of the tympanic cavity the 
sides converge slowly to the orbits; then more rapidly to the rounded snout. The height from 
the cutting- edge of the maxilla to the level of the frontals is contained in the length to the 
occipital condyle 2.5 times. The following are some of the dimensions: 
Millimeters. Millimeters. 
Snout to occipital condyle : 93 Width of interorbital space Aacmiden nd 
Snout to end of supraoccipital 110 Antero-posterior diameter of orbit 23 
Width at base of quadrates 66 Width of palatine fossa. . 23 
Width at hinder ends of maxilla 62 
Seen from the side (plate $0, hg. 4) the upper outline of the skull is slightly concave at the 
parietals and convex over the orbits. From the latter the profile curves gradually downward 
to the tips of the pretrontals. The nasal opening is wider than high. The prefrontals meet 
along the midline for 18 mm., nearly the length of the suture between the frontals. The orbits 
are nearly circular. The jugal arch is narrow, being only 7 mm. wide. The maxillary has a 
width of 12 mm. from the orbit to the cutting-edge. The latter, seen from the side, is concave 
from the premaxillary to the hinder end. Any notches or denticles on the premaxillary were 
small, if existent. The antero-posterior extent of the otic region, measured across the par- 
occipital and the prootic, is only slightly more than the extent of the temporal opening in front 
of the prootic. The supraoccipital extends behind the line joining the squamosal processes of 
the skull a distance of 13 mm. 
Seen from below (plate 80, fg. 3) the skull displays a highly vaulted palate. The vomer 
is highly archt in the middle of i length, and is traverst aot its length by a median 
ridge. The masticatory surface presents two prominent ridges separated by a groove. The 
inner ridge is broad and rough behind. The outer is high and sharp, and One wiat tootht. 
It is conmmued forward on the premaxilla, being separated from that of the other side by a 
very distinct groove. “The distance across the pterygoids, where narrowest, is 18 mm. There 
appear to have been no en ae processes. 
The lower jaw (plate 80, fig. 5) is represented by the co-ossified dentaries. The height is 
12 mm. in front, 13 mm. behind: Each dentary presents a masticatory surface having a width 
of gmm. This is occupied by 2 ridges separated by a deep groove. The inner ridge i is rough 
and furnisht anteriorly with small tooth-like processes. The outer ridge has been slightly 
serrated, and from the serrations low ridges run downward on the outer surtace of the bone. 
The inner and outer ridges meet both in front and behind, thus closing up the groove. 
This species resembles closely the one described here as 7. ae beeebana. but it differs in 
several respects. The jugal arch is narrower. The antero-posterior extent of the otic region is 
about equal to the distance from the prootic to the upper end of the postorbital arch. The 
squamosal processes are thin from side to side, and rise outwardly to a crest which stands over 
the tympanic cavity at a level considerably higher than the surface of the paroccipital. The 
whole skull seems to have been of a lighter construction than that of 7. osborniana. The skull 
of T. orthopygiais relatively broader, has a considerably wider interorbital region, a squamosal 
process less comprest laterally and with a less prominent crest above. The orbit is somewhat 
larger and the snout longer. 
Testudo ede Hay. 
Plate 83, figs. 1, 2 
Testudo ede, Hay, Ann. Carnegie Mus., tv, 1906 (1907), p. 19, plates vii, vill. 
The single specimen which forms the type of the present species was collected by Mr. O. 
A. Peterson, of the Carnegie Museum, in Loup Fork, or Nebraska, deposits, at Running 
Water, Sioux County, Nebraska. The catalog number is 1535. The specimen consists of a 
carapace and plastron from which is missing a portion of the right side. Altho there has 
occurred some crushing together of the carapace and the plastron, it seems evident that even 
in life the shell was not greatly elevated. The middle region is and was flat from side to side, 
as far out as the outer borders of the vertebral scutes. Near the hinder border of the first 
vertebral scute there is a low elongated median boss. At the sides and in front of this the 
scute area is concave. The second and third vertebral scute areas are likewise slightly con- 
cave. Furthermore, the areas of the first, second and third marginal scutes are decidedly 
concave. The peripherals over the fore and hinder limbs flare upward somewhat. The lower 
