188: 
#, distance between dorsal and occipital pro- 
cess 41/,—5!/, in distance from lastnamed 
to snout; length of head to occipital process 
3'/2—37/3 in length (without caudal) . . C. batrachus. p. 190. 
@. distance between dorsal and occipital pro- 
cess about 21/, in distance from lastnamed 
to snout; length of head to occipital 
process 4—5 in length (without caudal). C. zeysmanni p. 191. 
d. 
> 
occipital process triangular, its top rounded, 
its height nearly three times in its base, 
anterior border of frontal fontanel nearly 
reaches a line through the hindborder of 
Wea QYEIov bo Db -o'S 00 of DUO @oroo DO Oo ¢ C. leiacanthus p. 192. 
1. Clarias melanoderma Blkr. 
Clarias meladerma Bleeker, Nat. Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Ind. III. (2). 1846, p. 
178, 288; Verh. Bat. Gen. XXI. I. 1847. Silur. batav. consp. diagn. p. 44. 
Clarias melasoma Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned.-Ind, II. 1852, p. 427. 
Clarias melanoderma et melanosoma Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl. v. 1858— 
O50 spams 
Clarias melanoderma Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. Il. 1862, p. 102. 
Clarias melanoderma Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. v. 1864, p. 19. 
Clarias melanoderma Vinciguerra, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, XIV. 1879, p. 386. 
Clarias melanoderma Volz, Zool. Jahrb. Abth. Syst. XIX. 1903, p. 381. 
B. S—9 ; 1D: 68—72; /a\e 52—61; Pek 9; Maton 
Elongate. Height 5'/,—7, head (to gillopening) 5—5*/,, 
4—4'/, measured to the occipital process. Head as long as 
broad, its greatest breadth above opercles. Head flat, dorsal 
profile slightly sloping down. Head granular above. Occipital 
process very obtuse and very broad at base and very little 
prominent. Frontal fontanel longer than the occipital one, its 
frontborder behind the eyes. Eyes 10—12. Eye-distance nearly 
equalling the mouthopening, about 1'/,—1°/, in head. Nasal 
barbels reach dorsal, maxillary ones surpass pectorals and may 
even extend to the ventrals, mandibulary barbels extending 
to the top of the pectorals or nearly so, mental barbels some- 
what shorter. Distance between first dorsal and occipital pro- 
cess equalling '/, of the distance of lastnamed to the snout. 
Dorsal and anal or both may be united in exceptional cases 
with the base of the rounded caudal. Ventrals rounded, reaching 
on anal, about */, of length of pectorals. Pectorals rounded, 
conspicuously longer than head without snout, their spine 
very strong, about '/, shorter than the longest rays, with 
