SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 69 
success in this line of work. It is my belief that no other line 
of photography presents difficulties equal to this. To “make a 
snapshot” of an animal through its bars, at long range and with- 
out choice of position, is easy enough; but such results are of so 
little value they are not worthy of serious consideration. A bunch 
of fur, sans feet and tail, and with poor facial details, is not a 
portrait fit to represent a species. To secure animal photographs 
which are of value, Mr. Sanborn finds it absolutely necessary to 
choose a period of good light, secure the assistance of keepers 
to drive animals into position, enter the enclosures of all save 
the large felines, and work until good pictures are secured. With 
some very difficult subjects a dozen negatives are exposed be- 
hind the finest lenses in order to secure one that fairly represents 
the species. 
Although the Society's Photographic Department was estab- 
lished but recently, it has secured fine negatives of 9 species 
of bears, 17 species of deer and other hoofed animals, about 30 
species of carnivorous animals, about 60 species of apes, monkeys, 
lemurs, rodents, marsupials, and edentates, about 30 species of 
birds, nests, etc., and 25 species of reptiles. As soon as the ac- 
cumulation of pictures has progressed to a proper point the 
Society will begin the issue of publications which will place the 
best of these results in the hands of its members. 
In addition to his photographic work Mr. Sanborn constantly 
renders very valuable editorial service in connection with the 
production of the Annual Report, Bulletin, and Guide Book. 
It should be noted at this point that all expenses connected 
with the production of photographs, including Mr. Sanborn’s 
salary, are paid from the general fund of the Society. 
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.—George M. Beerbower, Civil 
Engineer. 
During the past year the work of this department has been 
unusually varied and important. Mr. Beerbower furnished all 
the plans, details, and specifications for the four new bear-dens, 
superintended the iron construction, and took entire charge of 
the construction of the Beaver Valley and Mountain Sheep Walks. 
He made a detailed map of the water supply, sewers, and drains 
of the entire park, and laid out an adequate system of drains for 
the Buffalo Range, one-half of which has been constructed. In 
co-operation with the Real Estate Title Guarantee Company’s 
engineer, Mr. Beerbower surveyed the eastern boundary of the 
