SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 135 
seem to indicate that the lining cells of trachea and larynx pos- 
sess considerable phagocytic power. 
PRIMARY INFECTION BY INHALATION. 
In a large percentage of the cases examined the lungs with 
their lymph glands (especially the nodes situated at bifurcation 
of trachee) showed calcareous deposits, while other lymphatic 
nodes were edematous or in process of caseation. I am led to 
believe that primary infection takes place in the great majority 
of cases by way of the respiratory tract. It seems to me probable 
that tubercle bacilli enter the lungs and pass to communicating 
glands without giving rise to preliminary lesions of the organ 
with which they first come in contact. 
Of the smears taken from different parts of the larynx and 
trachea where pulmonary tuberculosis existed in over 9o per cent. 
of the cases tubercle bacilli were found in all parts of the tube. 
In a small number of cases tubercle bacilli could not be found 
in trachea, though the lungs showed far advanced tuberculosis, 
the tubercles showing calcareous degeneration. In one instance 
(that of a small macaque monkey) one lung was totally func- 
tionless, appearing as a large calcareous mass attached firmly to 
the costal pleura; the other being only moderately affected; yet 
the animal was apparently well nourished, as evidenced by the 
amount of flesh and fat present. In this case I was unable to 
demonstrate the bacillus in the trachea. 
An interesting case was that of a spotted lemur which was 
slightly injured, necessitating its isolation temporarily in the hos- 
pital room. This animal presented a fairly healthy appearance 
(excepting for the injury) with no clinical symptoms whatever 
which led me to have the slightest suspicion that the animal was 
tuberculous. Six smears were taken from throat and nostrils, 
all of which showed tubercle bacilli in abundance, those of the 
throat being particularly numerous. This animal was never 
again put on exhibition, and I did not have to wait long to con- 
firm my diagnosis, as the animal died within a few days. The 
autopsy showed far-advanced pulmonary, pleural, and pericardial 
tuberculosis. No lesions were present in other organs. 
INFECTION BY INGESTION. 
While one must take into consideration the possibility of pri- 
mary invasion taking place by the intestinal canal through the 
bacilli taken in with food or contaminated drinking water, this, 
