UPLAND GOOSE. 
SOME NOTES ON THE PSY CHOLOGM 
OF Bilis: 
By C. WILLIAM BEEBE, 
CURATOR OF BIRDS. 
VEN a superficial study of the psychology of birds compels 
_ us to attribute to them a highly developed intellectual and 
emotional life. A few examples may make this more patent, and 
I will mention only those which entail rather complex psychic 
processes. Birds have remarkable memories. It is said a pigeon 
will remember a person after many months, and a bullfinch has 
been known to recognize a voice after a year’s time. Birds often 
dream, and frequently sing or chatter in their sleep. There are 
few species of birds which do not show the emotions of love 
and sympathy, and, what is a very rare trait among animals, 
that sincerity of affection which causes many birds to mate for 
life. Even in those species which pair for only a year, one of 
the two will sometimes pine and die with grief at the loss of its 
mate. 
Indeed, sympathy is the key-note in the growth of the higher 
intellectual and social qualities which find their culmination in 
man, and Professor Shaler is right when he attributes to birds 
