SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 185 
that there are well marked and distinct species, which could be 
established by a careful comparison of specimens from different 
localities. In fact, recent discoveries indicate the existence of 
several distinct races of both the wild and domesticated reindeer 
in eastern Siberia. 
In the Government of Kazan it is said that the reindeer are 
of an exceedingly large size, and that the females are with- 
out antlers. A snow-white reindeer has been reported recently 
(1902) from the mouth of the River Lena. This may be a new 
species, or, more probably, merely the common form in its win- 
ter pelage. 
To the north of the old world, reindeer are absent from 
Francis Joseph Land, but appear to abound in Nova Zembla and 
in Spitzbergen. The race in the latter islands (Rangifer spitz- 
bergensis) has clear claim to specific rank, chiefly on the ground 
of its size, which is far smaller than the type race, but also on 
account of well-defined characters in the skull. 
In America the different species of Barren Ground Caribou 
all lie to the north of the various members of the Woodland 
group. The Greenland race is a separate species (Kangifer 
grenlandicus). Nearly all of the Parry Islands and other large 
land areas lying between Greenland and the mainland are inhab- 
ited by Barren Ground Caribou, formerly identified with those 
of the mainland (Rangifer arcticus). 
A new Barren Ground Caribou from Ellesmere Land was 
described by Dr. J. A. Allen on October 31, 1902, under the 
name of Rangifer pearyi. Its chief character is in the color- 
ing, which is pure white, except for a large dark patch on the 
middle and posterior part of the back. The new species is thus 
sharply defined from the darker caribou of Greenland. Its 
nearest relatives will be found among the caribou now grouped 
together under the name of Rangifer arcticus. It is very prob- 
able that investigations among the Parry Islands, and other land 
masses to the north of the continent, will disclose intermediate 
forms between these two. 
Caribou, probably of this species, have been found as far 
north as the neighborhood of Fort Conger, Grinnell Land, in 
latitude 82°. It appears to be the northernmost member of the 
genus, and shares with the musk-ox and polar bear the distinc- 
tion of being one of the few land mammals able to maintain 
