186 NEW “YORK; ZOOLOGICAL SOCiIEIN. 
existence at that latitude. The Newfoundland Caribou had, be- 
fore the discovery of this species, been considered the whitest of 
the caribou. 
On the American mainland west of Hudson Bay the typical 
Barren Ground Caribou (Rangifer arcticus) is found in large 
herds throughout the barren grounds, migrating in winter into 
the timber belt as far south as the neighborhood of the Churchill 
River, latitude 59° north, and the southern end of Reindeer Lake. 
That a portion of the herds remain along the northern coasts 
throughout the winter has been demonstrated by Mr. Andrew J. 
Stone. The recent investigations of this explorer have brought to 
light the interesting fact that the Mackenzie River, throughout its 
entire length, including a belt of land one hundred miles wide 
along its banks, is uninhabited by caribou, and appears to form 
the western limit of the Rangifer arcticus. To the west of the 
river the caribou are nearly twice the size attained by those on 
the east, and further explorations in that country will probably 
show this west Mackenzie caribou to be a new species. The 
caribou on both sides of the Mackenzie River, however, are 
threatened with extinction, owing to the increased number of 
whalers wintering on the northern coast. The natives are em- 
ployed to bring in immense quantities of meat, and are supplied 
with fire-arms for that purpose. 
The portion of northern Alaska drained by the Colville River 
is inhabited by a caribou which probably will prove on investi- 
gation to be a new species, possibly identical with the West Mac- 
kenzie form above referred to. The mountains to the north of the 
Porcupine River in Alaska are said to contain a red caribou, 
extremely rare, if not already exterminated. The caribou of the 
Kuskoquim River in southern Alaska is said also to be distinct, 
but is probably closely related to or the same as Fe. stoner. All 
these undescribed Alaskan caribou will probably be found to be- 
long to the Barren Ground group. 
Some five thousand domesticated reindeer from East Siberia 
have been introduced among the Eskimo of northwest Alaska. 
It is well within the probabilities that some of these animals may 
escape, and, in time, form a wild race. At all events such a 
possibility must hereafter be borne in mind. 
In the autumn of 1901 Mr. Andrew J. Stone discovered a 
new species of Barren Ground Caribou on the Alaskan Peninsula, 
