SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 191 
large herds. Throughout most of the range the Woodland Cari- 
bou inhabits the same country as the moose, although in the east 
it is generally found somewhat to the north of the latter. 
The caribou of western Canada have until recently presented 
some serious taxonomic difficulties. 
The mountains of northern Montana, Idaho, and Washing- 
ton and the Provinces of British Columbia and Alberta are 
inhabited by a caribou which has long been known as the “ Black- 
face’ Caribou. This animal was thought to be identical with 
the eastern Woodland Caribou until, in August, 1899, Mr. Ernest 
Thompson-Seton described it as a new species under the name 
of Rangifer montanus, the type being a mounted specimen from 
Revelstoke, in the Selkirk range of British Columbia. The 
northern limits of its range are at present unknown, but it is 
possible that it fades gradually into the next species, Rangifer 
osbormt. Nearly two years prior to the discovery of R. mon- 
tanus, Mr. Andrew J. Stone killed in the Cassiar Mountains of 
northern British Columbia six specimens of a very large caribou, 
which were shipped to the American Museum of Natural His- 
tory in New York, but were delayed on the way and did not 
reach New York until after the description of RK. montanus had 
been published. 
This new caribou from the Cassiar Mountains was generally 
considered to be identical with R. montanus, but the writer be- 
lieved, from antlers of the Cassiar animal he had seen, that further 
comparison would result in proving them to be distinct species. 
To this end he secured for the American Museum four caribou 
from the type locality of R. montanus. As a result, the Cassiar 
specimens were described as Rangifer osborni, in honor of Pro- 
fessor Henry Fairfield Osborn. The FR. osborni are found living 
throughout the year in the high mountains above timber line, 
and are the largest and handsomest caribou known—large males 
weighing from 550 to 700 pounds, and consequently approaching 
the wapiti in size. 
A specimen killed in the summer of 1902 measured 4 feet 
I1 inches in height at shoulder and 7 feet 9 inches in length. 
This is one of the largest individual caribou of which we have 
authentic record. 
Like most animals of the damp Pacific coast, both the R. 
osborm and R, montanus are very dark, the latter in fact almost 
