114 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [sANn. 20, 
above the main coal were exposed in this mine by a fall of the 
roof. 
The dip is from 10 to 12 degrees, the slope being off the line 
of greatest dip, but in the 5th level, northerly, an abrupt change 
to 45 degrees was found, which continued for but a short dis- 
tance. Only two faults have been encountered, the larger one 
having a throw of 17’. The most serious trouble is on the 
northerly side, where a great sandstone “ horseback ” several 
hundred feet long and at one place 75 feet wide replaces the 
coal. The bed is from 4 to 7 feet thick. 
The coal varies as in the Lucas mine. The best is hard, makes 
but little dirt, burns freely and has about 39 per cent. of vola- 
tile combustible, yielding by actual test about 10,000 cubic feet 
of gas per ton. It shows abundant evidence of crushing and 
disturbance, but bears handling well and for the most part the 
“run of mine” is shipped. But another grade occurs, in quan- 
tity sufficient to cause serious annoyance and loss. It is the 
“ soft’ coal to which reference has been made already. It is 
dull, sometimes slightly granular in appearance, is so tender 
that it can be crushed between the fingers. Most fragments 
exhibit on the smoother surfaces a typical cone-in-cone struc- 
ture, with occasionally a suggestion of wrinkling, such as is 
shown by Siberian graphite. The friability is such that no use 
has been found for this coal and it is thrown on the dump as 
waste. 
The marketable coal is obtained for the most part from the 
northerly levels; the tender coal is reached in the first level 
south at 800 feet from the slope and it has been followed thence 
for 1,300 feet into the old Cunningham mine, where, as already 
stated, it prevails to the end of southerly levels or to within 
about 500 feet of the first level, north of the Lucas mine. This 
level has been in the tender coal for 150 feet, so that the north 
and south face of the unmarketable coal is more than 3,000 feet 
along Coal cafon. The slopes of the White Ash and Lucas 
mines are approximately parallel, the amount of divergence be- 
ing unimportant in this connection. The southern boundary of 
tender coal in the Lucas mine approaches the slope; the northerly 
boundary of the tender coal approaches in like manner the slope 
of the White Ash, so that the end of the slope in each mine had 
reached inferior coal at the time of my visit. But it is very cer- 
tain that not all of the area within these limits is occupied by 
inferior coal, for in the White Ash, sixth level north, the poor 
coal, reached at 125 feet from the slope, was but 325 feet wide 
and passed into excellent anthracite, which was followed for 125 
feet. 
