1896. | NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 115 
The passage from bituminous coal to anthracite is through 
this crushed coal and is gradual. According to the statement 
of Mr. Porterfield, the coal company’s engineer, the change 
from crushed to anthracite is completed within 50 feet as shown 
in the sixth level. The anthracite comes in at the bottom and 
thickens gradually, the crushed coal being replaced by the lami- 
nated and that by harder, almost homogeneous coal showing lit- 
tle trace of disturbance. 
Several abandoned openings were seen below the White Ash 
mine. The Greene slope was stopped at 1,100 feet because the 
coal pinched out, and another, just beyond, was stopped at 250 
feet for the same reason. This disappearance of the coal may 
be connected with the great ‘‘ trouble ” already mentioned as oc- 
curring in the White Ash. At this last opening begins the very 
rapid northward and northeastward dip already mentioned as 
due to the disappearance of the lower trachyte sheet. Several 
trial pits expose the coal as it descends quickly toward the floor 
of the cafion, where it is last shown at the bottom of a hill, 
opposite the point of a spur from the west side, at perhaps half 
a mile below the White Ash mine. 
There remain to be noticed in connection with this bed only 
the old openings in a narrow irregular caion immediately west 
from Ortiz (William’s Springs) cafion. The section is 
mele ime Clay si: cise cee cies oc 8’—10/ 
a OR) Sine ea AA Bere! 
pallies 3! 
ODE IE. Sista as ee 3/ 10’ 
SMS Mieesta ne ep setnaeng te eee TRNL. 8 SAN Beh 
4. Coaly shale or shaly Coal...... 10// 4’ 10” 
The coal is distinctly anthracitic and it was mined years ago 
to be carried in wagons to Cerrillos station. The place of this 
bed was not determined satisfactorily, as the little canon is 
almost cut off by the trachyte overflow. It seems to be higher 
than the White Ash, but its dip should carry it far below the 
surface at the junction with Ortiz cafion and so bring very near 
to that bed. 
The Coal bed, No. 4, the Coking seam, is from 1’ 6’’ to 2’ thick 
and is roofed by 6 feet of drab clay, on which rests a 6-inch 
streak of coal. It was mined years ago at 2 miles or more 
above Madrid, where it yielded a good coal, which was coked in 
ricks upon the ground. The ricks were numerous and several 
hundreds of tons of coke must have been made. Fragments 
lying on the ground show that the quality was far from being 
inferior. -The interest attaching to this bed is in the fact that 
