1896. ] NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 117 
the dip being 15 degrees almost due east. No work has been 
done here for a long time, but in the early summer of 1895 a 
shipment was made from another opening at the lower end of 
Madrid. This coal is very tender, such as hardly to bear hand- 
ling, and in many ways resembles the more tender portions of 
the Pocahontas coal; but it is much less friable than the poorer 
varieties of the White Ash. The latter have apparently little 
value as steam producers, the flame being drawn away from the 
coal as soon as the draught is put on; but the Cook-White coal, 
as tested by a late shipment, proves to be excellent as a steam 
producer. The purchaser imagined from its appearance that it 
would be a good gas coal, but when tested it is said to have 
yielded but 2,000 feet per ton, equivalent to about 8 per cent. of 
volatile; this, however, does not accord with the results of 
analysis as given later on. 
The last exposure seen is in the long side cut on the railroad 
below the White Ash mine, where the bed is 2’ 8’’ thick and 
single. Its coal appears to be bituminous, but the crop is so 
decomposed that any positive statement respecting its character 
cannot be given. The bed passes below the surface at a short 
distance beyond this exposure. 
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COALS. 
The most interesting feature of this region is the distinct 
transition of bituminous coal into anthracite as exhibited in a 
single bed. At one time wagons carrying bituminous coal, 
others carrying semi-bituminous and still others loaded with 
anthracite, could be seen in the same train as it was hauled out 
of the White Ash mine. 
The composition of the best bituminous coal, that obtained in 
the northerly levels of the White Ash mine, is shown by the 
following analysis (W. D. Church.) 
IAW EEC CATS 3 5 REDE SOU a AEC SER Aer sy Seb eR a 2.00 
RCD TEE IM ALGER sore tyy Siee eos ui nt aos ste asa, lo teracac tet oe 39.00 
CECE ATO Mier ore cre vera ca ol ceevens & siatushs faces 5a 06 
IO Gays AE ey ahaa Cais Ramet MA eral oils Aira aed ee BA dial 5.24 
BING trail lieens Sea St aes ie re eae Pai Pete rae Tatas Se 100.00 
OGIO SEN DOR foe PRT I 26 aw hee. vat. 59.00 
SHED NOELIA ernie ercrcreis iolietts Rites Paesdnce a cela Mi olelic S) Spake tte 0.032 
The coke is strong and tough. The same chemist gives the 
following as the composition of the ash: 
