1896. ] NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 193 
four of the six sub-faunas into which the Paradoxides fauna is 
divided viz: 
The Sub-zone of P. lamellatus Hartt (ef. P. Oelandicus). 
: o “ P. Eteminicus (ef. P. rugulosus). 
e és “ BP: Abenacus (ct. P. Lessint). 
es os ) Bs Dawidus. 
The first of these sub-zones is the oldest Paradoxides fauna of 
which we have any knowledge, and so far has been recongnized 
in two countries only, viz., Sweden in Europe, and New Bruns- 
wick in eastern Canada. It is characterized by Hartt’s species, 
P. lamellatus, easily recognized by the interrupted, raised plates 
on the front of the glabella; the varieties of Conocoryphe and 
Ctenocephalus which occur here have more hispid tests than 
those of the next sub-zone. This sub-zone is the home of W- 
crodiscus Dawsoni and Liostracus tener,* and occurs in Sweden. 
The next sub-zone, that of P. Hteminicus, has a wide range on 
both sides of the Atlantic, but seems to be most fully represented 
in the southern regions of the area over which the genus Para- 
doxides was spread. It is the most prolific band of the Para- 
doxides beds in New Brunswick, and is the only sub-zone recog- 
nized in Massachusetts, France and Spain; the species cited by 
Walcott indicate its presence in Newfoundland ; it occurs in 
Wales as the Solva group (or in that group); it is present in 
Bohemia, and is sparingly represented in Sweden in the ‘“* Ex- 
sulens Kalk.” 
The third sub-zone, that of P. Abenacus (a species closely 
allied to P. Tessini of Sweden and P. Bohemicus of Bohemia), 
is represented in New Brunswick by a well-marked fauna, in 
which Ptychoparize and Solenopleure abound. Microdiscus 
pulchellus is a characteristic species of this sub-zone, and it is a 
stronghold of the genus Agnostus. This sub-zone is doubtfully 
present in Newfoundland,+ but it is in full force in Norway, 
Sweden and Bohemia. 
The highest sub-zone so far recognized in America is that of 
P. Davidis, which has a full representation at several localities 
in Newfoundland. It is characterized by the genus Anopolinus, 
by the species Microdiscus punctatus and by large Agnosti, in- 
cluding examples of.the Section Levigati. This sub-zone is 
*Walcott catalogues this species from Newfoundland as occurring in his zone A at 
Menuel Brook, but the species quoted by him asassociated with it there, are of the next 
sub-zone. ; 
+I have spoken of this horizon being present there (Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., Vol. IV., 
p. 150) at Chapel Arm, but the presence of Anopolinus seems rather to indicate the 
next sub-zone. In Mr. Walcott’s Zone B. of the Manual Brook Section there is a mix- 
ture of the species of the second and fourth sub-zone, but the presence of species of 
the intermediate zone does not distinctly appear. 
TRANSACTIONS N. Y. ACAD. Scl., Vol. XV., Sig. 13, August 4, 1896. 
