98 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY—II. 
bb. Pectoral spines extremely strong, more than half the length of head, curved ; 
their posterior serre strong, spine-like, hooked backward, each about as long 
as the diameter of the spines: 
d. Adipose fin connected with the caudal fin; distance from snout to dorsal 
about 23 in length ; pectoral spine 24 in this distance ; dorsal fin higher than 
long; body not very elongate nor much depressed ; the dorsal region often. 
somewhat elevated; the depth usually 44 to 5 in length; head 3% to 4; 
dorsal nearer anal than tip of snout ; anal 12 or 13 rays; pectoral spine 
curved and sharply serrate without, with six strong recurved pectinations 
within each as long as the diameter of the spine; body much mottled, black 
and grayish; top of head, tip of dorsal, middle of adipose fin, and edge of 
caudal definitely black; body with four broad cross-blotches, one before 
dorsal, one behind it, one on middle of adipose fin, and one small one behind 
it:s) Size ‘small yes ee ee ee Ee eee eee eerie oie MIURUS, 26. 
dd. Adipose fin entirely free. from caudal fin, separated from it by a space 
nearly equal to the diameter of the eye ; spines as in miurus but rather weaker; 
head 34 in length; depth 54; distance to dorsal 22 in length; pectoral spine 
24 in distance to dorsal: width of head 44 in length; body moderately elon- 
gated ; head broad and flat, much like that of a Pelodichthys; anal fin with 
but eleven rays; color mottled gray, faintly and irregularly spotted with 
CPG) eee ERO ee ce SSE COS ce SOSA teorhebisos Hecood nacdaE ELEUTHERUS, 27. 
tt. Pectoral spine entire or grooved behind, never retrorse-serrate ; adipose fin con- 
tinuous, not notched : 
e. Head small and narrow, longer than broad, with small eye; its length about 4 
in body, its width 54; upper jaw much projecting ; spines very short and 
slender, that of the dorsal not one-third the height of the fin, and all less 
than one-fourth the length of head; body slender, but not elongate; dis- 
tance to dorsal 2% in length; pectoral spine 5 in this distance, slightly 
retrorse-serrate without, grooved within; depth 5} in length; dorsal nearer 
anal than snout; anal 14 ; color mottled, rather pale .. .LEPTACANTHUS, 28. 
ee. Head short, broad, and deep. 
Jf. Head shorter, narrower, and smaller in every way, than in the next, the body 
g more elongate, more compressed but less deep, the width 44 in length of 
body; length of head 44; depth of body 54; snout to dorsal one third of 
length; pectoral spine 24 in distance to dorsal; jaws nearly equal; anal 
rays 15 or 16; lower barbels pale ; coloration yellowish brown, with a lateral 
dark streak and two dorsal Ones. o.2 4 - s-ee- fae seen ees ae GYRINUS, 29. 
ff. Head 3} to 4 in length, larger than in any of the other species; width of head 
3% in length; distance from snout to dorsal 2% in length; body compara- 
tively short and thick, the depth 4 to 5 in length; spines stout and rather 
long, that of the pectoral fin straight, about half the length of head; 24 in 
distance to dorsal fin; entirely free from serratures outside, grooved within ; 
dorsal higher than long, nearer anal than snout; anal high, of 13 rays; adi- 
pose fin high, continuous, without any notch at all; caudal fin arising very 
near anal; barbels short; the lower dark; color nearly uniform yellowish 
brown, never blotched ; a narrow black lateral streak, which is usually con- 
GPIGUOUS Ss wos cacmesivios an ep acisa anincwelscel ee ernie emeieeeatemre SIALIS, 30. 
