30 HABITS AND HAUNTS OF BIRDS 
Pipits, (Pipastes, Anthus, Corydalla, Agrodroma, Heterura).—Are 
as a rule migratory, though many of them are permanent residents 
in some parts of India. One of the tree pipits (P. montanus) appears 
to be confined to the Nilgiris. The others are cold weather visitants to 
the plains, retiring to the alpine Himalayas to breed. So also with the 
true pipits (Anthus as restricted), which are known to breed on this side 
of the snows. Of the titlarks (Corydalla), one (C. rufula) is a very 
common permanent resident throughout the plains. The others are only 
cold weather migrants. Of the stone pipits (Agrodroma), one (A. 
griseorufescens) is a cold weather visitant to the plains, but breeds in the 
north-western Himalayas; another (A. campestris) is abundant in the 
cold weather, and is said to breed in the plains, but this requires con- 
firmation ; the third (4. cinnamomea) is confined to the Nilgiris, where 
it is a permanent resident. The genus [Heterura, of which there is only 
one species in India, is confined to the Himalayas, where it is a permanent 
resident. All the pipits make their nest on the ground, sheltered by grass, 
on open plains or hill sides, and lay richly blotched or spotted eggs, 
Thrush tits, (Cochoa).—Are a very remarkable group of birds. 
They are confined to the eastern Himalayas, frequent forests at moderate 
elevations, and in their nidification and eggs much resemble blackbirds. 
There are only two species in India, both rare. 
Shrike tits, (Péeruthius).—Are confined to the Himalayas. Of 
one kind (P. rufiventer), the nest has never been found. Of the other 
(P. erythropterus), the egg is one of the rarest in collections. The 
shrike tits are arboreal in their habits, frequent well-wooded slopes at 
moderate elevations. They lay speckled eggsin a basket-shaped nest of 
moss and roots hung from a fork near the top of a tree. 
Hill tits, (Allotrius, Cutia, Leioptila, Leiothriz, Siva, Minla, 
Proparus, Ivulus, Yuhina, Myzornis, Erpornis).—Are also confined to 
the Himalayas, and with few exceptions to the eastern Himalayas 
and such outlying ranges as the Khasia hills. They are very arboreal 
in their habits, frequent well-wooded tracts, and generally associate 
in small flocks. They usually make rather massive cup-shaped nests, 
about five to ten feet from the ground, and lay spotted eggs, in 
which the markings frequently form a zone at thelarge end. One 
species (Yuhina nigrimentum) is known to lay pure white eggs, and 
another (Iuyzornis pyrrhoura) is believed to lay unspotted eggs also. As 
a rule these birds are not migratory, but breed wherever they are found. 
