AND TYPES OF KGGS. 81 
Tits, (Zosterops, Sylviparus, Cephalopyrus, Egithaliscus, Lopho- 
phanes, Parus, Machlolophus, Melaniparus, Melanochlora).—Are as a rule 
confined to the Himalayas. One (Zosterops palpebrosus) is found through- 
out India as a permanent resident. One (Parus cinereus) is found 
in all wooded hills: Another (Parus nuchalis) is only found in 
central and south India. Another (Machlolophus jerdont) is only found 
in the hills of south India. All the rest are confined to the Himalayas, 
and a great number of them are found in the eastern Himalayas 
only. They are not as a rule migratory, and are by no means shy, 
often associating in small flocks. The nest and eggs of Zosterops pal- 
pebrosus are quite aberrant (the eggs are pale unspotted blue). The 
nest of Sylviparus is unknown. So also are those of Melaniparus and 
Melanochlora. The nest of Eyithaliscus is like that of the bottle tits 
in England, while all the others are typically ‘parine” in their 
nidification, building in holes, in walls, or decayed trees, and laying 
spotted eggs. 
Hedge sparrows, (Accentor).—There are several kinds of hedge 
sparrows found in the upper regions of the Himalayas; but nowhere 
else in India. They are not migratory, and their nests and eggs as far 
as 1s known are similar to those of the hedge sparrow in England. 
Ravens and crows, (Corvus).—Ravens are found only in the 
flimalayas and western continental India. They frequent open country, 
and do not appear to be entirely migratory, though they wander far in 
the cold weather. Crows are found all over India. Their nests and eges 
are all of one general type, which is well known. 
Jackdaws, (Coleus).—One species, the common jackdaw (C€. 
monedula) is found in the north-west Himalayas, where it is a perma- 
nent resident. Its habits are well known. It migrates to the Punjab 
in the winter, but does not breed there. 
Nutcrackers, (Nucifraga).—Are confined to the Himalayas, 
chiefly the western Himalayas. They keep to rather high elevations, 
frequent pine forests, and in habits closely resemble jays and magpies. 
They are not migratory. 
Magpies, (Pica)—Two species occur in the alpine Himalayas, 
where they are permanent residents. Their habits are identical with 
those of the English magpie. 
Jays, (Garrulus, Urocissa, Cissa).—Are found only in the Hima- 
layas within the Indian limit. They keep to open forests, are not migra- 
