AND TYPES OF EGGS. 37 
Godwits, (Macroramphus, Limosa, Terekia).—Are only winter 
visitants. None of them breed in this country. 
Curlews, (Numenius, Ibidorhynchus).—Are cold weather visit- 
ants and breed beyond the border. 
Stints, (Philomachus, Tringa, Eurinorhynchus, Calidris, Phala- 
ropus).—Are merely cold weather visitants. 
Sandpipers, (Actitis, Totanus, Himantopus, Recurvirostra).—Are 
all migratory. The stilt (1. candidus) congregates for breeding purposes 
in one or more localities in the plains. The common sandpiper (A. 
hypoleucus) breeds in considerable numbers in the beds of rivers in 
Kashmir; but all the other birds of this class go beyond the border to 
lay their eggs, The eggs are spotted or blotched on a buffy ground. 
Jacanas, ([Hydrophasianus, Metopidus).—The water pheasants are 
permanent residents, frequenting weedy marshes. In the cold weather 
they retire to the moister districts, but m the rains they wander wherever 
there are marshes. They lay deep bronze-coloured eggs. In one species 
unmarked, in the other scrawled all over with fine black lines. 
Coots, (Porphyrio, Fulica, Gallicrex, Gallinula).—Are all per- 
manent residents, frequenting marshes and ponds or dense thickets near 
water. They breed both in hills and plains. Their eggs are spotted. 
Rails, (Porzana, Rallus).—Of these birds very little is known. 
They frequent dense weeds and thickets near water, They breed both in 
the hills and plains, but are flushed with difficulty, and it is not known 
whether they migrate. The eggs typically are spotted. 
Storks, (Leptoptilus, Mycteria, Ciconia, Melanopelargus).—The 
true storks (Ciconia) are cold weather visitants, and do not breed in India. 
The adjutants (Zeptopti/us) have special breeding places to which they 
resort. ‘While the other storks (Mycteria and Melanopelargus) breed 
throughout India on high trees near water. Their eggs are dingy 
white unspotted. 
Herons, (Ardea, Herodias, Demi-egretta, Buphus, Ardeola, 
Butorides).—Are permanent residents, breeding on trees near water in all 
parts of India. They ali lay unspotted blue eggs. 
Bitterns, (Ardetta, Botaurus\.—It is not as yet ascertained 
whether the common bittern (Botaurus stellaris) is a permanent resi- 
dent, but probably it, as well as all the other bitterns, breeds in India. 
They frequent thick reeds in swamps, are very difficult to flush, and lay 
unspotted greenish eggs. 
