MEMOIR. XXV 



determined him upon making an expedition to the district lying at 

 the head of the Gulf of Bothnia. Leaving Hull on the IGth o£ 

 April, he arrived at Gottenburg, whence, armed with an introduction 

 from Mr. Yarrell, he paid a visit to Mr. Dann, who then lived on 

 his property about thirty miles from that town. By him Wolley 

 ■was hospitably received and furnished with much useful information. 

 Returning to Gottenburg he proceeded to Stockholm, and, provided 

 with good recommendations, he obtained other valuable intelligence 

 from Professor Retzius and Herr Johan August Wahlberg, who not 

 long after met his death from a wounded elephant in South Africa, 

 and had been not long before on a botanical tour in Lapland. 

 Having secured the assistance of a student of the University, Herr 

 Ernst Salomon, as interpreter, Wolley left Stockholm on the 7th of 

 ]May, undeterred by the prospect of a journey of nine hundred miles 

 in a rough carriage, and at a season of the year when, the winter- 

 ways being broken up and the multitude of wide rivers still choked 

 with rotten ice, travelling is deemed by Swedes all but impossible. 

 The journey was not, however, wdthout its reward. In the course 

 of it he discovered the Eagle-Owl's nest (§ 525), his graphic descrip- 

 tion of which reached England just in time to be of use to 

 Mr. Hewitson, while a few days later he had the satisfaction of 

 confirming the views he had formerly expressed [infra, pp. 289, 290) 

 as to the character of the Redwing's e^^ by shooting a bird which 

 contained one ready for exclusion (§ 1307). On the 31st of May 

 he arrived at Haparanda, the small frontier village at the mouth of 

 the Tornea, opposite the Finnish town which has its name from 

 that river. Northward from this place, Finnish is the language 

 almost exclusively used, and it therefore became necessary here to 

 engage a second interpreter. This added to the difficulties of the 

 expedition; for those only who have had experience of it can be 

 aware of the trouble and annoyance caused by the employment of a 

 third language, especially in making known to an ignorant population 

 wants of which they have hitherto had no idea, and by means of 

 interpreters to whom the wants are equally strange. 



It is not within the scope of this memoir to relate at length the 

 different stages of Wolley's journey. It Avill suffice to say that 

 leaving Haparanda on the 3rd of June he proceeded by land to 



c 



