SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF FLSHES. 85 



60. CAMPOSTOMA ANOMALUM (Rafinesque). 

 S tone-roller, Stone-lugger. 



Rutilus anomalus Rafinesque, Ichth.vologia Ohiensis, 52, 1820; Licking River, Kentucky. 



Campostoma anomalum , Cope, 18706, 46(i; French Broad and Catawba rivers. Jordan, 18896, 137, 152; 

 Catawba River and tributaries, and French Broad River and tributaries. Bean, 1903, 914; Cane 

 River, tributary of French Broad River. .Tordan & Evermann. 1S96, 205, pi. xxxix, fig. 9.5. 



Dl.vGNCSlS. — Body rather stout, sotnewliat (.•oiii|»resse(i. the greatest deptli contained 4 u> 

 4.0 times in total length; length of head rather less than .2n total length; snout obtuse, twice 

 lengthof eye; maxilla does not extend as far as eye; dorsal rays 8; anal rays 7 or 8; scales 49 to 

 55 in lateral series, 15 or 16 in transverse series; teeth 4 — 4 or 1,4 — 4,0. Color: brown above 

 with brassy luster, pale below, scales mottled with black; a dark vertical bar behind opercle; 

 a dusky median crossbar on dorsal and ana! fins, these fins olivaceous in female; the male in 

 spring develops large rounded tubercles on head and sometimes over whole body, and the 

 dorsal and anal take on a fiery red color, (anomalum, extraordinary.) 



This interesting species ranges from New York to Wyoming and Texas, 

 and in North Carolina occurs on both sides of the AUeghenies, in French Broad 

 and Santee valleys. It has been found to be common in Catawba River near 

 Marion, in Bucks Creek at Pleasant Garden, and in Johns River near Morgan- 

 town. In the basin of French Broad River, it has been reported as common in 

 Spring Creek at Hot Springs, in Swannanoa River near Asheville, and in south 

 fork of Swannanoa at Black Mountain station. 



The stone-roller does not exceed 8 inches in length, and has no value as food 

 for man. It feeds on plants, chiefly alga?, for which its extremely long intestine 

 is adapted. 



Genus HYBOGNATHUS Agassiz. ^hiners; Gudgeons. 



Small herbivorous fishes of silvery color, abundant in fresh water in eastern 

 and central states and Mexico; species numerous. Form elongate, compressed; 

 mouth nearly horizontal; teeth 4 — 4, with oblique grinding surface; intestine 

 long, 3 to 10 times length of body; scales large, deciduous; lateral line complete; 

 fins small. One species found in North Carolina. (H yhognathus , swell-jawed.) 



61. HYBOGNATHUS NUCHALIS Agassiz. 

 "Ohoby"; "Shiner"; "Gudgeon"; "Roach"; Silvery Minnow; Smelt. 



Hybognathus nuchalis Agassiz, American Journal of Sciences and Arts, 1855, 224; Quincy, Illinois. Jordan & 

 Gilbert, 1879, 368; Neuse River at Goldsboro. .Jordan, 18896, 125, 127, 132, 134, 137; Tar, Neuse, 

 Cape Fear, Yadkin, and Catawba rivers. Smith, 1893a, 190, 194, 199; Albemarle Sound and tributaries. 

 Evermann & Cox, 1896, 305; Neuse River at Raleigh. Jordan & Evermann, 1896, 213. 



f H yhognathus argyritis. Cope, 18706, 466; Catawba River. 



Diagnosis. — Form rather slender, compressed, width only half depth, depth contained 4 

 to 4.3 times in total length; head rather short, tapering, its length rather less than .25 total 

 length; upper jaw heavy, lower jaw thin and shorter than upper, mouth small, angles not 

 extending as far back as eyes; eye rather longer than snout; lateral line anteriorly decurved; 

 scales large, 37 to 45 in lateral series, 9 in transverse series, 13 to 15 before dorsal fin; teeth 

 4 — 4, comparatively long, scarcely hooked; dorsal fin over ventrals, rays 7 or 8 (+ 2 rudiments) ; 

 anal fin with 7 or 8 rays (+2 rudiments); caudal deeply forked; intestine 7 to 10 times length of 

 body. Color: olivaceous, translucent, sides silvery, fins plain, {nuchalis, relating to nape.) 



