102 FISHES OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



Genus HYBOPSIS Agassiz. Horny-heads. 



A numerous group of small fishes of the fresh waters of the United States 

 and Mexico; related to Notropis, but distinguished by the presence of one or two 

 barbels on each side of the upper jaw. Shape of body various; mouth terminal 

 or inferior; upper jaw protractile; teeth 4 — 4, 1,4 — 4,1 or 1,4 — 4,0, hooked, with 

 or without narrow grinding surface; lateral line continuous; dorsal fin inserted in 

 front of, over, or behind ventrals; head in breeding males covered wth tubercles. 

 Six species have been recorded from North Carolina waters and another (Hybop- 

 sis watauga) may be looked for, as it exists in the headwaters of Tennessee River 

 in Tennessee and Virginia. {Hybopsis, swell-faced.) 



Key to the North Carolina species of Hybopsis. 



/ i. Size small (4 inches or less); mouth inferior, horizontal; coloration silvery. 

 a. Teeth 1-rowed (4 — 4). 



b. Teeth without grindins; surface; eye moderate or small (contained 3.5 to 5.5 times in 



head); no series of dark blotches on sides; a large black blotch on posterior part of 



dorsal fin; a dark spot at ba.se of caudal monacus. 



bb. Teeth with slight grinding surface; eye large (contained 2.75 times in head); series of 

 dark blotches on sides, these being expansions of a dark lateral band; no black spot 



on dorsal or caudal fins dissimilis. 



aa. Teeth 2-rowed (1,4—4,1 or 1,4—4,0). 



c. Barbel very long; eye contained 3.3 times in head; a large dark spot on upper pos- 



terior part of dorsal fin labrosus. 



cc. No spot on dorsal fin. 



d. Eye moderate (3.25 to 3.5 times in head); a dark Jateral band ending in spot at 



caudal base; depth .25 total length hypsinotus. 



dd. Eye large (2.75 to 3 in head); no dark caudal spot; depth .2 total length. . .amblops. 



a. Size large (10 inches or less); mouth large, nearly terminal; coloration not silvery; teeth 



1-rowed or 2-rowed (4 — 4 or 1,4 — 4,1); top of head swollen kentuckiensis. 



90. HYBOPSIS MONACUS ( Cope). 

 Minnow. 



Ceraiichthys monacus Cope, Journal Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1867, 227; Holston River, Va. 

 Hybopsis monacus, Jordan, 18896, 152; tributaries of the French Broad River, N. C. Jordan &. Evermann, 

 1896, 318. 



Diagnosis. — Form slender, little compressed, depth contained 5.25 times in total length; 

 head long, slender, flat above, .25 total length; snout projecting, mouth small, inferior, horizon- 

 tal, maxillary not extending as far as orbit; eye small, less than .25 length of head; teeth 4 — 4; 

 scales, 56 in lateral line, 12 in transverse line, 24 before dorsal fin; dorsal rays 8; anal rays 8. 

 Color: light green above, silvery on sides and belly; black spot at caudal base; dorsal fin posteri- 

 orly black at base; a metallic band on middle of back. Length, 4 inches, {monacus, solitary.) 



An uncommon species, peculiar to the upper waters of the Tennessee basin 

 in North Carolina, known from Swannanoa River at Asheville and Spring Creek 

 at Hot Springs. 



91. HYBOPSIS DISSIMILIS (Kirtland). 

 Spotted Shiner. 



Luxilus dissimilis Kirtland, Boston Journal of Natural History, iii, 1840, 341, pi. iv, fig. 2; Mahoning River, 



Ohio, and Lake Erie near Cleveland, Ohio. 

 Hybopsis dissimilis, Jordan, 18896, 152; Swannanoa River and Spring Creek. Jordan & Evermann, 1896, 318. 



Diagnosis. — Form long and slender, slightly compressed; depth .2 total length; head 

 long, flat above, contained 4.5 times in total length; snout slightly projecting beyond mouth, 



