SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF FISHES. 253 



Key to the North Carolina genera of darters, 

 i. Size comparatively large, adults 5 inches or longer; head broad between eyes; premaxil- 

 laries free only at sides, not protractile; snout conic, pig-like, projecting; ventral fins separ- 

 ated by a space equal to the width of their base; on median line below a line of large scales 



which fall off, leaving a naked space; dorsal spines 13 to 15 Percina. 



ii. Size small, rarely more than 5 inches and usually 2.5 to 4 inches; head narrow between 

 eyes; premaxillaries either protractile or not; snout little or not at all projecting. 

 a. Parietal region rather depressed, only slightly convex in cross section. 



b. Body more or less completely scaled, not extremely elongate nor hyaline. 



c. Premaxillaries not protractile, a band of skin connecting them in the median 

 with line the forehead; anal fin large, usually larger than second dorsal. 

 d. Median line of abdomen usually with more or less enlarged scales which are 



shed at intervals Hadropterus. 



dd. Median line of abdomen with small scales which are not shed. .Hypohomus. 

 cc. Premaxillaries protractile, separated by a groove from the skin of the forehead. 

 e. Anal spines 2; ventral fins close together. 

 •/. Maxillary not joined to preorbital except at base; teeth on vomer. 



Ulocentra. 

 //. Maxillary united to preorbital for most of its length; no teeth on vomer. 



DiPLESION. 



ee. Anal spine single: ventral fins well separated Boieosoma. 



hb. Abdominal region naked, body exceedingly elongate and hyaline Ioa. 



aa. Parietal region not depressed, strongly convex or ^-shaped in cross section; premaxil- 

 laries not protractile; belly covered with persistent scales; head naked above; anal 

 fin much smaller than second dorsal; ventral fins inserted close together; lateral line 

 present. 

 g. Lateral line straight, sometimes absent posteriorly; dorsal spines 7 to 15. Etheostoma. 

 gg. Lateral line arched anteriorly, incomplete and interrupted. 



h. Top of head naked; dorsal spines 9 or 10 Boleichthys. 



hh. Top of head scaled; dorsal spines 9 to 12 Copelandellits. 



Genus PERCINA Haldeman. Log Perches. 

 The largest of the darters. Form elongate, somewhat compressed; head 

 depressed; snout tapermg, overhanging small mouth; maxillary short; premax- 

 illaries not protractile; teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; scales small, those on 

 ventral surface large, plate-Hke, and deciduous; lateral line not interrupted; air- 

 bladder rudimentary; dorsal fins well separated, the anterior with 13 to 15 spines, 

 the posterior with 12 to 17 rays; anal shortei than second dorsal; ventrals com- 

 paratively widely separated; body marked with black vertical bands. Two 

 known species, one peculiar to the Roanoke River, in Virginia, the other widely 

 distributed. {Percina, little perch.) 



215. PERCINA CAPRODES (Rafinesque). 

 Log Perch; Hog Molly. 



Scicena caprodes Rafinesque, American Monthly Magazine, 1818, 534; Ohio River. 



Percina caprodes, Jordan, 18896, 153; Swannanoa River near Asheville. Jordan & Evermann, 1896, 1026, 

 pi. clxv, fig. 436. Bean, 1903, 914; Cane River. 



DiAGONSis. — Depth contained 5 to 6.5 times in length: head long, contained 4 to 4.75 

 times in length; mouth small, inferior, maxillary not extending to eye; eye .25 length of head 

 and .6 length of snout; snout rounded, tapering; scales in lateral series £0 to 95, in transverse 

 series 9-1-15; scales on cheeks, opercles, and nape, but none on chest; dorsal fins low, the rays 

 XIII to XVII -I- 12 to 17, the commonest formula xv-|- 15; anal rays ii,9 to ii,12, the spines feeble; 

 caudal slightly concave behind; pectorals roimded, about length of head. Color: yellowish 

 green, with about 15 blackish bars of unequal size extending from back to below median line, 

 between these bars shorter and narrow ones reaching about to lateral lines; a rounded black 

 spot at base of caudal; fins mostly marked with rows of small black spots, {caprodes, pig-like.) 



