256 FISHES OF NORTH CAROLINA. » 



This darter is found in coastwise streams between Pennsylvania and South 

 Carolma, and is one of the commonest of the North Carohna darters. Under the 

 name of Etheostoma nevisense, Cope described it from the Neuse, and it has since 

 been found in various parts of that river. It is known from the Tar at Rocky 

 Mount; from South Buffalo Creek and Little Allemance Creek, tributaries of the 

 Cape Fear in Guilford County; from Little Yadkin or South River at Lindsays 

 Mills; and from Catawba River near Marion, Bucks Creek at Pleasant Garden, 

 and Johns River near Morgantown. Length, 2.5 inches. 



218. HADROPTERUS ROANOKA (Jordan & Jenkins). 

 Roanoke Darter. 



Etheostoma roanoka Jordan & Jenkins, in Jordan, 1889a, 358, \>\. xlv, fig. 10; Roan(jke River, Va. Jordan 1889b, 



126, 130, pi. XV, fig. 10; Tar and Neuse rivers. 

 Hadropterus roanoka, Jordan & Evermann, 1896, 1036. 

 Percina roanoka, Boulenger, Catalogue of Fishes of British Mu.seum, second edition, vol. i, 62, 1895; Neuse 



River, Raleigh, N. C. 



Diagnosis. — Form rather stout, moderately compressed, depth contained 4.30 to 4.75 

 times in length; head broad, contained 3.75 to 4 times in length; mouth small, low; maxillary 

 reaching beyond front of pupil and more than .25 length of head; premaxillaries not protrac- 

 tile; lower jaw included; snout blunt, equal to eye and contained about 4.5 times in length of 

 head; gill-membranes slightly connected; margin of preopercle smooth; lateral line complete; 

 scales in lateral series 44 to 50, in transverse series 5-1-9; no scales on cheeks, nape and breast; 

 2 or 3 large scales on upper part of opercle, these sometines absent; median ventral surface 

 with a few large plate-like scales; dorsal fins of moderate si/;e, the rays x or xi-f-11; anal fin 

 rather large, the rays ii,8 or ii,9, the spines strong; caudal slightly concave behind; pectorals 

 as long as head and extending as far as vent, reaching beyond the ventrals. Color: Male — 

 pale yellow with dark green markings; 10 or 11 vertical green bars on sides which run together 

 into a band, back with dark mottlings; head dark blue above, one black bar below eye and 

 another anterior to eye, under parts of head sulphur yellow; lips orange yellow; a pale spot on 

 nape; fins mostly plain bluish black; on first dorsal a median band of bright yellow; faint 

 bars on second dorsal and anal; orange markings on those fins and also on ventrals; 2 yellow 

 spots at caudal base. Female — paler; the confluent vertical markings on sides diamond- 

 shaped and black; under parts yellowish; well defined bars on second dorsal and caudal 

 (Named for Roanoke River.) 



This species is known only from the Roanoke, Tar, and Neuse basms. It is 

 stated by Jordan to be very abundant in the Neuse at Milburnie, near Raleigh. 

 Length, 2 inches. 



Genus HYPOHOMUS Cope. -Darters. 



Comparatively large, showy darters, quite similar to Hadropterus, but the 

 scales on the median ventral surface are small like those of the body and are not 

 shed. Body elongate, head depressed, premaxillaries not protractile, anal fin 

 rather large, ventrals widely separated, scales very small or moderate, lateral line 

 complete or incomplete. Five known species, of which the 2 following are 

 recorded from North Carolina : 



L Scales very small, about 100 in lateral series; snout moderately long; gill-membranes 

 slightly connected; general color of body olive green tinged with orange; a lateral band of 

 confluent elongated blotches and a long row of small, discreet brown spots between 

 lateral line and base of dorsal mirantiacus. 



