SYSTEMATIC CATALOGUE OF FISHES. 305 



266. EUOINOSTOMUS GULA (Ouvier & Valenciennes.) 

 Silver Jenny; Irish Pompano. 



Gerres gula Cuvier & Valenciennes, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, vi, 464, 1830; Martinique. 

 Eucinostontus argenteus, Jordan & Gilbert, 1879, 378; Beaufort. 

 Gerres £7uZo, Jordan, 1886, 28; Beaufort. Jenkins, 1887, 91; Beaufort. 

 Eucinostomus gula, Jordan & Evermann, 1898, 1370. Linton, 1905, 383; Beaufort. 



Diagnosis. — Body elliptical, back moderately elevated; length of head contained 3.33 

 times in total length; mouth small, maxillary reaching somewhat beyond front of eye; eye .33 

 length of head; snout .28 length of head; gill-rakers small, 7 below angle of first arch; scales in 

 lateral series 42, in transverse series 14; dorsal rays ix,10, the longest spine .66 length of head; 

 anal rays iii,8, the second spine shorter and stouter than third, and contained 3.33 times in 

 length of head. Color: beautiful uniform silvery, the back dark greenish in certain lights; 

 upper margin of spinous dorsal black; soft dorsal and anal plain or dusky; other fuis pale. 

 {gula, throat.) 



The species ranges from North CaroHna to Brazil, stragglers ascending the 

 coast in summer to New Jersey, New York, and southern Massachusetts. In 

 Beaufort Harbor the fish was abundant in 1902, more than a thousand specimens 

 1.5 to 2 inches long being seined incidentally; in the following year it was scarcer, 

 less than 100 being noticed. On October 24 and 25, 1905, the writer took 

 numerous specimens 2 to 4.25 inches long in Beaufort Harbor in company 

 with spots, silversides, and may-fish. The species is small (maximum length 

 5 inches) and no use is made of it. Examples examined at Beaufort in August 

 had been feeding chiefly on worms, but contained also crustaceans, diatoms, and 

 fragments of vegetable tissue. 



Family KYPHOSID^E. The Rudder-fishes. 



In this family the body is elongate or deep, compressed; mouth of moderate 

 size, with incisor teeth in front of each jaw, the vomer and palatines with or 

 without teeth; maxillary more or less sheathed by the preorbital; premaxillaries 

 moderately protractile; gill-membranes not united, free from isthmus; pseudo- 

 branchiae well developed; opercular margin entire; scales of varied size and 

 form; intestine long; air-bladder with 2 posterior horns; dorsal fin single or 

 divided, the spines strong, 10 to 15 in number, the soft part rather long and 

 either scaly or naked; anal fin with 3 spines and 10 to 19 soft rays; caudal 

 lunate or forked; ventrals with accessory scale at base. A rather numerous 

 family of shore fishes, which feed largely on green algse, some of them important 

 food species in America and Europe. Six American genera, only 1 represented on 

 the east coast of the United States. 



Genus KYPHOSUS Lac^pfele. Chubs or Chopas. 



Body elongate-ovate, compressed; head short; snout blunt; mouth small, 

 horizontal, with a row of incisors in each jaw, a band of villiform teeth behind 

 them and small teeth on tongue, vomer, and palatines; gill-rakers long; scales 

 small, ctenoid, completely covering body, most of head, soft parts of vertical 

 fins and base of paired fins; lateral line continuous; pyloric coeca numerous; 



