226 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 
eye, tapering to a point under first dorsal rays and shortly before base of caudal; 
shoulder-spot very indistinct, diffuse, extending posteriorly over five or six scales. 
Dorsal slightly margined with black, three narrow white stripes alternating with 
dark ones on median part of fin; anal nearly colorless, with traces of white stripes 
on middle of rays; other fins colorless. In a cotype the ventral and anal fins are 
dusky, but with a clear edge. 
Of this species we also have a number of specimens from Lake Biwa, resembling 
the type in every respect. It is distinguished from other species by the number of 
the fin-rays, short dorsal base, broad lateral stripe, indistinct shoulder-spot, and 
short barbel. From Acheilognathus tabira it is distinguished by a less oblique 
mouth, serrated pharyngeal teeth, smaller eye, less depth, more falcate anal, the 
first developed ray extending always beyond the insertion of the last, and one less 
ray in both the dorsal and the anal. In none of our specimens is the shoulder-spot 
so distinct as in Acheilognathus tabira. 
A specimen from Funayado, Kiusiu, collected by Jordan and Snyder, is a female 
differing from this species by one less ray in the anal, a very short barbel, and shorter 
fin-bases. The lateral line is complete, the pharyngeal teeth smooth, with a very 
narrow grinding surface. 
Key vo JAPANESE SPECIES OF Acheilognathus. 
a. Pharyngeal teeth in part at least plicate transversely on the lower lateral face of each tooth (not 
verified in A. brevianalis); barbels small or obsolete. 
b. Paracheilognathus Bleeker; barbels small. 
c. Dorsal fin very long, of fourteen or fifteen developed rays; shoulder-spot present, close 
behind opercle; depth 2.25 in length; anal rays nine or ten; dorsal base 3.5 in body; teeth 
all plicate.” rr eee ET rod uli neo asset Ou Seaac ead 6O5b rhombeus. 
cc. Dorsal fin short, of eight to ten developed rays. 
d. Shoulder-spot close behind opercle; depth 2.75 in length; base of dorsal short; teeth not 
all plicate, scales thirty-seven; dorsal rays nine or ten; anal rays nine or ten. .tabira. 
dd. Shoulder-spot five or six scales behind opercle; dorsal base very short, 5 in length; 
seales thirty-nine.|..03 20 isha fies se eee re oer eee ete teiets cyanostigma. 
bb. Rhodeops Fowler, barbel wanting. 
e. Dorsal with fifteen developed rays; opercular spot wanting; anal rays fourteen or fifteen; 
depth-2.125 in lengthy 5. o2.. aie fais. - coerce tele Sickie tae Cm es eet aaa ete longipinnis. 
ce. Dorsal with ten developed rays; anal with ten; depth 2.5; scales thirty-three; no shoulder- 
spot: teeth ‘undeseribed ss. thas c.' estore coors ete late mie oie he ene ee eee ete eee smithi. 
cee. Dorsal with eight developed rays, anal rays seven, depth 3.2 in length; scales thirty-seven; 
noi shoulder-spot: teeth little plicate(?):. 2. «1. sa vansoemrenciiaisie terse sie brevianalis. 
aa. Acheilognathus; pharyngeal teeth all smooth; barbel present, short or long; dorsal short, of about eight 
* rays. 
g. Depth great, 2.33 to 2.125 in body-length; no lateral stripe; barbels long, over half diameter of eye, 
and equal to snout;*D; TD, 8ssA\ sD) 1Ovon Wil eee eee re ts eels nett limbatus. 
e 
