302 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 
eight branchiostegals; opercle with a strong straight spine; head otherwise unarmed. 
Scales obsolete; five lateral lines. Gill-filaments of first arch much reduced in size 
and coarseness, those remaining forming a “ fluffy”? mass. Pseudobranchize 
present, consisting of two well-developed, free filaments. Four gills, a slit behind 
fourth. The nearest ally of Spectrunculus, so far as known to us, is Penopus Goode 
and Bean. 
The type of Spectrunculus radcliffe is No. 6061, Carnegie Museum, from Misaki 
(Coll. Owston) sixty-four millimeters in total length. 
Head 5.8 in length to base of caudal, 6.2 in total; depth 4; snout 2.66 (measuring 
from anterior edge of eyeball); maxillary 2.5; distance from shout to anus 2.4; 
distance from snout to dorsal insertion 5.25 in body-length; D. 140; A. 110; P. 30; 
V. 2; C. 9 or 10; branchiostegals 8; gill-rakers short, 2+8 (with two or more rudi- 
ments). 
Body compressed, its width just posterior to anus, contained 3.25 times in 
depth at the same place; body-cavity in type greatly distended, with viscera showing 
plainly through the skin; mouth turned sharply toward vertical, lower jaw strongly 
projecting; tip of snout at level of eye; a prominent knob-like convexity on its dorsal 
surface, reaching back to anterior edge of orbit; diameter of eye-ball half the length 
of oval orbit; maxillary extending midway between anterior edge of orbit and eye- 
ball; teeth on lower jaw only anteriorly, very minute, in a single row; a few micro- 
scopic ones on edge of premaxillary, besides minute serrations; no teeth could be 
distinguished on the projecting vomer; opercle with a single strong straight spine 
at upper angle, not extending beyond opercular flap; gill-openings extending forward 
below, not attached to isthmus. Gill-filaments on first arch delicate and much 
reduced, those on remaining arches large and curled, forming a tangled bunch 
without regular order. 
Scales obsolete; side with five lateral ridges or lateral lines. 
Dorsal inserted over pectoral; dorsal and anal continuous with caudal; pectorals 
short, rounded, on a base which is slightly pedunculate, or narrowed at its junction 
with body; ventrals inserted under eye, their length contained 1.5 in head, composed 
of two rays, fully united by membrane. 
Body translucent, flesh-colored, with no pigment save in eye-ball. 
Measurements in hundredths of body-length are as follows:—Head .17; depth 
.25; snout .05; eye-ball .05; maxillary .065; distance from snout to anus .43; from 
snout to dorsal insertion, .19. 
This species is named for Mr. Lewis Radcliffe of the U. 8. Bureau of Fisheries, 
in recognition of his work on the Brotulide. 
