FLORAL DLPLOMACY. 



77 



quently have their surfaces roughened by tubercles, 

 bars, spines, etc., which enable them readily to 

 adhere to the hairy bodies of bees, butterflies, and 

 moths, so that they 

 can be thus easily 

 carried from one 

 flower to another. 



A simple device 

 to prevent self-fertilis- 

 ation is adopted by 

 many flowers. It is 

 evident that if the 

 stamens and pistils 

 of a flower do not 

 ripen at the same 

 time, there is no 

 danger. Accordingly, 

 we find some plants 

 in which the pistils 

 ripen first, and these 

 are accordingly dis- 

 tinguished as protero- 

 gynoics. The Figwort, 

 Birthwort, etc., prefer 

 this plan. In the Mal- 

 low, Geraniums, Willow-herbs, Gentians, Campanulas, 

 and numerous others, the stamens are the first to 

 ripen. Such flowers are called proterandroics. Not 

 a few plants adopt one or other of these ingenious 



Fig. 24. — Carnation, showing the ripe pistil. 



