FLINT IMPLEMENTS FROM ANCIENT EGYPT. 97 
and vol. ii, p. 96), from Akhmim and Hoou (in Upper Egypt), and even 
more so to one obtained by. Prof. Petrie at Kahun, and figured in his J//ahun, 
Kahun, and Gurob (pl. vi.*, fig. 1). Fig. 16—9} inches long—is in form 
more “paleolithic” than most of the others. It is deeply eroded by the 
action of sand, and stained almost black by exposure to the weather. From 
a more or less rounded butt, which is 32 inches at its widest, it narrows to a 
point, which was evidently the operative end when the thicker part was 
grasped in the hand. It may have been used with the thin end in the hand 
as a hammering or chipping instrument. The lower right-hand border in 
the figure shows subsidiary flaking to produce a singular ‘undulating margin, 
unless this may perhaps be the result of using the tool. The flint out of 
which it is made is the same greyish chert seen-in the others above 
described, and associated with it in the workings. There are two or three 
others in the collection similar to it. 
(c) Leaf=shaped Flints.—In Figs. 18 and 19 I have shown two of 
these oval or leaf-shaped implements, the former being 6,5, inches long by 22 
wide ; and the latter 44 long by 2 wide. They are well and symmetrically 
chipped, and about equally convex on both surfaces. The side in each exposed 
to the weather is almost black, and brightly polished by natural causes. As 
they have neither cutting edges nor sharp points, it is difficult to conjecture 
for what use they were intended.t Sir John Evans figures, from Fimber, on 
page 337 of his Ancient Stone Implements (Ed. 1897), what he designates as a 
“Jance head,” which, though somewhat smaller in size—being 34 inches long 
by 1¢ wide—and more rounded at the ends, is sufficiently like ours in general 
appearance to suggest that they had all three the same use, whatever it may 
have been. 
(7) Knife=like Instruments.—The sixteen instruments shown in 
Figs. 20 to 35 present a great variety of forms, but they all appear to me to 
be modifications of cutting instruments. While some are only rough- 
hewn, others have had much careful work bestowed on them. Others, 
again, were nearly completed when they were seemingly broken by an un- 
lucky stroke, and a few, beautifully finished, were left at the workshop—one 
wonders why. Figs. 20 to 23 and 28 29, and 33 to 35 are all from the W ady 
el Sheikh mines, the remainder bea found at the workings in the W ady 
Sojoor. Fig. 20 (which is 74 inches Tong by 3 inches wide) is a flat, roughly 
blocked out implement, suitable for a flaying instrument, whose sharp edge, 
3? inches in extent, was to run along the upper right-hand side. Fig. 21 
(represented here of the natural size), has a nearly semicircular back, with a 
slightly arcuate cutting face, and was probably used in scraping or preparing 
hides. The same use may be assigned to the next implement (Fig. 22), 
which is considerably longer, though only slightly broader, being 7} inches 
by 23. Figs. 23 and 24 are, the one a partially fashioned, and the other an 
almost fully finished, double-pointed knife ; the former is 94 inches long by 3,4; 
wide, and the latter 6;°; inches long by 1} wide. Such a knife might well be 
used dagger-wise in piercing the heart or the throat in the slaying of cattle 

*'The dimensions of this ‘axe’ or ‘hoe’ are about 74 inches long, narrowing from 
2;\, inches at the head to 3,% at the cutting edge. 
+ Prof. Herdman, F.R.S., suggests to me that they may have been employed for 
scooping out boats, scraper-wise—a not at all improbable use. 
+ The forms described under sections (b) and (c) are, with the exception of Fig. 14, 
identical, as Prof. Boyd-Dawkins has kindly eee out to me in the Manchester 
Museum, Owens College, with some of the unfinished implements from the flint ate/iers 
of Cissbury, near Worthing. Both were found by him under similar conditions, close 
to and in the flint mines. 
I 
