POPULAK GEOLOGT. 51 



find them very much disturbed, sometimes they have been bent and folded 

 and contorted into all sorts of fantastic shapes; sometimes they are fractured 

 in nearly straight lines for a considerable distance and one side tilted up 

 thousands of feet above the other. These dislocations are technically termed 

 faults, a familiar term amongst miners. 



In our own neighbourhood we have numeroiis examples of these dis- 

 turbances. There is one dislocation which rtms in a nearly straight line 

 from Netherton Mill to Stock's Brewery and thence up through Bracken- 

 beds, and throAvs up the strata to the north as much as 52 yards. Another 

 has been traced from Raggalds' Inn near Mountain, to Northowram. It 

 crosses the other at the above Brewery, and throws up the strata to the east 

 48 yards. Had it not been for these two favlts, it is very probable that the 

 great Freestone beds of Queensbury and Northowram Avould have been too 

 deeply covered with other strata to have baen profitably worked, and even 

 their existence might never have been suspected. Another fault runs due 

 north and south through Barehead and across Shibden-dale and throws up 

 the strata 40 j^ards to the east, and another runs across Shibden-dale by 

 Scout Hall into Barehead, and throws up the strata 18 yards to the 

 north. Besides the above faults, a great number of smaller ones intersect 

 them in all directions. 



Through the agency of these faults, valuable beds of Stone, Coal and 

 other useful minerals have been exposed to the light of day, which other- 

 wise would have been deeply buried in the earth. A boiuitiful providence 

 has not only stored up an immense quantity of fuel and other precious stores, 

 but has also unsealed the storehouse so that man may behold the invaluable 

 treasures of the earth and be able to reach them with the least difficulty. 

 Here then, we see that even in those fearful revolutions which the earth has 

 undergone, we have evidence of that "Divine Idea" which prevades all 

 nature. 



Notwithstanding all these ui)heavals, there is nothing in the outward 

 appearance of these hills, or in Shibden-dale, to tell us that such violent 

 movements haA-e taken place, and unless we have them pointed out to us, 

 or we are practical geologists, we could never imagine that the solid earth 

 had been broken through in such strange Avays. 



What then has become of the tilted up strata ? They have all been 

 swept away by the mighty power of denudation. Great as these internal 

 movements have been, they have not moulded the form of our hills, nor 

 have they fashioned our valleys. This has been done by the power of moving 



