17 



paper, enlargements from small negatives can be easily clone, and 

 an illustration of this was given with an ordinary sciopticon lantern. 

 The Lecturer concluded with a short description of tlie simple 

 methods now employed for photographing microscopic objects with 

 moderate powers. 



TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6th. 



A Paper, entitlod " Human Measurement," of which the 

 following is an abrid.niiieut, was read by the Treasurer of the 

 Association, E. ^V^ Urabrook, Esq., F.S.A., M.AI. 



For the complete measurement of a skull, forty-six separate 

 measures are recorded, and in addition to these twelve indices are 

 •calculated ; so that I suppose a competent person could rebuild a 

 skull at any time from the materials thus given. The indices are 

 calculations of the relation of one measurement to another, and are 

 usually given in per-centages : thus, 100 times the breadth divided 

 by the length gives the index from which we derive the hard words 

 brachycephalic, dolichocephalic, and the like. Why long-headed 

 and short-headed might not be used instead, it would perhaps be 

 presumptuous to enquire. This particular index is known as the 

 cephalic index. Others are derived from the face, the orbit, the 

 nose, and so forth. It has been long considered that, for the 

 purpose of obtaining the distinguishing characters of the skulls 

 of different races, an index, or the relation of one measurement 

 to another, offers a better test than the actual measurements 

 themselves. 



With regard to the cephalic index, a great step in advance has 

 recently been taken at the instance of Dr. Garson, who has induced 

 the French and German anthropologists to agree with the English 

 authorities in adopting the same scheme of measurement and the 

 same names for the varieties of the skull. Those of other nations 

 have agreed in it, and there is now therefore practically one system 

 adopted^ all over Europe. Hitherto, the Germans had adopted a 

 scheme agreed upon at Frankfort, which the French had ignored ; 

 but Dr. Garson has very ably conciliated both sides, and obtained 



