348 



INDEX 



Carlina, 28, 107. 



Carpels (female flower- 

 leaves), 53. 



Carrot, 27, 53, 69. 



Castor oil, 80, 83, 84. 



Catapult fruits, 50. 



Caterpillars, 93. 



Cattle, 323, 324, 326. 



Cell, cellulose (cell- 

 wall substance), 71, 



72,73.74- [113- 



Centaurea, 18, 29, 107, 

 Cerastium, 16, 300. 

 Ceterach, 270, 287. 

 Chenopodiam, 54, 88, 



169, 196, 336, 337. 

 Chestnut, 84, 297, 318. 

 Chickweed, 16, 144, 



335, 336, 337. 



Chloroplasts, proto- 

 plasmic bodies carry- 

 ing chlorophyll, 131, 



Chlorophyll, leaf green. 



Cilia (small hairs of 

 protoplasm), 184. 



Citrus, citron, 37, 113. 



Cladonia, 193,240,244, 

 245» 246, 250. 



Cleistocarp, 212. 



Climbing modifica- 

 tions, 151. 



Clinging fruits, 41, 42. 



Clover, 13, 154. 



Clubmosses, 277, 287. 



Coal, 281. 



Cochlearia, Scurvy- 

 grass, 193, 194, 195. 



Cockchafer, 94. 



Codlin-moth, 94. [315. 



Cold, 26, 27, 84, 201, 



Collenchyma (special 

 strengthening tis- 

 sue), 164, 173. 



Colonisation, Ch. III. 



Colour of flowers, 13, 

 16, 20, 21, 33, 300. 



Colour of fruits, 35, 39. 



Colour of fungi, 220, 

 221, 222. 



Colour of lichens, 248. 



Colour of twigs, 39, 169. 



Coltsfoot, 143, 151, 

 152, 230, 335. 



Compositae, 15, 22, 23, 

 28, 29, 45, 53, 77. 



Conidia (non-sexual 

 spores), 210. 



Conifers, 169, 294, 289. 



Conjugation (union of 

 two cells not dis- 

 tinctly male and fe- 

 male), 179. [138. 



Convolvulus, 18, 27, 



Cork, 89, 96, 157, 159. 



Corm, fleshy swollen 

 bases of stem, 81, 



Cortex (part of stem 

 between epidermis 

 and central cylinder), 

 122, 159, 163. 



Cotton, 46, 80, 173. 



Cotyledon (seed-leaf), 

 37, 71, 186, 187. 



Cow parsnip, 14, 49, 



142, 337. 



Crocus, 27, 28, 64. 



Crookes, Sir Wm., 90. 



Crossbreeding, cross- 

 pollination, II, 25. 



Crow, 54. 



Cruciferae, 22, 84, 105. 



Cup and trumpet 

 lichens, 244. " 



Cuttings, 59. 



Cycads, 165, 285. 



Cyclamen, 28, 'jj. 



Cynoglossum. 43, 53. 



Cyperaceae, sedges, 



45. 197, 331- 

 Cystocarp (see Red 



algae), 242. 

 Daisy, 28, 29, 132, 142, 



152. 330- 



Damm, 173. [171. 



Dandelion, 30, 65, 166, 



Dante, 130. 



Darbishire, 242. 



Darwin, 45, 127. 



Date, 76, 86, 171. 



Deadnettle, 16, 26, 172. 



Defence, 67, 72, 92. 



Desmids, 178. 



Diatoms, 176, 252, 339. 



Dichasial cyme (m- 

 florescences which 

 divide in pairs of 

 branches), 23. 



Dickson, 255, 299. 



Dicotyledon (with two 

 seed-leaves), 171, 286. 



Dingier, 46, 49. 



Dioecious (plants with 

 male and female 

 flowers on different 

 individuals), 280. 



Discomycetes, 219. 



Dock, 150, 333, 335, 



336. 

 Dog's Mercury, 17, 18, 



66, 87, 150, 307. 

 Douglas, Fir, 120, 150, 



169, 291, 293. 

 Drosera, 266, 268. 

 I^ryas, 45. 53- 

 Dryness, 68, 106. 

 Economy of material, 



30, 32. 



Ectocarpus, 181, 196. 



Ekstam, 21, 



Elastic and explosive 

 distribution, 49, 53. 



Elm, 135, 144, 165, 317. 



Elodea, 58, 190, 



Endocarp (carpel-lin- 

 ing), 78. 



Endodermis (innermost 

 cells of cortex), 122, 

 159, 160. 



Endosmosis, diffusion 

 into cells, 242. 



Engineering mechan- 

 ism, 30, 147, 171, 174. 



Enteromorpha, 180, 

 181, 182, 191. 



Enzymes (ferments 

 secreted by the pro- 

 toplasm), 212. 



Epidermis, the outer 

 skin, 97, 98, 173. 



Epilobium, 18, 46, 53. 



Equisetaceae, 185, 188, 

 278, 283, 287, 335. 



Erosion, 317. 



Escapes, 337. 



Eucalyptus, 106, 168. 



Euphorbia, 54, 100. 



Evernia, 243, 306. 



Fats, 77, 164. 



Feilberg, 330. 



Fern, fern-allies, 179. 



Festuca, 109, 192. 



Fibres, 162, 172. 



Finger and toe, disease 

 of turnips, etc., 236. 



Fires, 321, 324, 326. 



Firtzsch, 174. 



Flag, 27, 185. 



Flax, 32. 



Fleshyfruits, 35, 36, 41. 



Flies, 14, 15, 18, 19. 



Florida hyacinth, 57, 



175. 179. 254. 

 Flower, 9-34, 53. 

 Fluoride, a mineral, 78. 



