192 BRITISH PLANTS 
II. Succulent Fruits.—1. Formed from the carpels only, 
or, if the receptacle takes part, it is not predominant : 
(a) Fruit not capable of being broken open—e.g., 
Drupe, a usually one-seeded stone-fruit. . 
(b) Fruit easily broken open and seeds liberated— 
e.g., Berry, usually many-seeded. 
f 
Fie. 96.— Scuizocarp (CrEemo- Fic. 97.—ScHizocaRP OF 
CARP) OF FENNEL, SHOWING THE MALLow. 
Two MERICARPS SPLIT APART. a, calyx. 
In the drupe (Fig. 98)—e.g., plum—the pericarp is 
differentiated into three layers : the outer skin (epicarp) 
tough, and covered with wax or hairs ; the middle part 
fleshy (mesocarp) ; the inner (endocarp) hard and stony, 
Fig. 98.—Drvurb of PEACH CUT LONGITUDINALLY. 
a, outer skin ; b, fleshy portion ; c, stone ; d, seed, 
enclosing one and sometimes two seeds. In the black- 
berry and raspberry the fruit is an aggregate of little 
drupes, the product of a single flower ; the ovary consists 
of a number of free carpels, each of which separately 
becomes a drupe. In the mulberry, on the other hand, 
