302 
Callitriche, 54 
Calluna; relation to chalk, 89; 
distribution of, 224 ; honey, 173 ; 
leaf, 43. See Heather and Ling 
Calluna-heath, 230, 249, 250, 252 
Callus, 140 
Calyx, 162 
Cambium, *45 
Campanula hybrida, 216 
Camphor, 143 
Campion, moss-. 
Canada, 12, 19 
Canadian fleabane, 216 ; pondweed, 
234 (see Elodea canadensis) 
Canals, veg. of, 236 
Canterbury-bell pollination, 173 
Capers, 151 
Capillarity, 86 
Capillary water, 86 
Capitulum, 178, *181 
Capsella : autogamy, 165 ; fecundity 
of, 108 ; fr., 188. See Shepherd’s- 
purse 
Capsular fruits, 187 
Capsules, 189 
Caraway oil, 151 
Carbohydrate, 5 ; in seeds, 146 
Carbon-assimilation, 4. See Photo- 
synthesis 
Carbonate of lime, 89 
Carbonie acid: agent of denudation, 
80 ; gas, 4, 7, 50, 78 
Cardamine pratensis : buds on leaves, 
*160 ; seeds, 196 
Carex-bogs, 231, 247 
Carlina spines, 140 
Carnivorous pls., 
Insectivorous pls. 
Carpels, 183 
Carrot, 60, 108 ; fleshy root, 108, 150 
Caryopsis, 186 
Cascades, veg. of, 234 
Casein, 5 
Castor-oil, 148 ; seeds, 143, 147 
Casuals, 215 
Catch-crops, 98 
Catkin, 178, 180 ; pollination, 167 
Cat’s-tail grass, 217 
See Silene acaulis 
246, 249. See 
BRITISH 
Cattle, 20, 21 
Cauliflower, 150 
Cauline leaves, 114, 115 
Celandine: greater (see Chelidonium 
majus) ; lesser, tubers, 111. See 
Ranunculus Ficaria 
Celery, 150 
Cell-sap, 24, 92 
Cellulose, 92 ; as food-reserve, 146 | 
PLANTS 
Cell-wall, 92 
Centaurea Calcitrapa spines, 140; 
Cyanus, 216 
Cerastium arvense, 
andrum, 60, 107 
Ceratophyllum, 49, 54, 56 
Cereal seeds, 146 
Cetraria, 133 
Chalk, 82; disintegration of, 81; 
effect on pls., 89; glands, 263; 
origin of, 82 ; zoning of, 226 
Chalk-downs: xerophytic factors of, 
35 ; xerophytic nature of pls. on, 
89 ; veg. of, 258, 259 
Chalk-soil : meadows on, 264 ; physi- 
cal properties of, 90 
Chamerops, 23 
Chamomile, 152, 216; oil, 151 
Charlock, 216. See Sinapis ar- 
vensis 
Chelidonium majus latex, 142 
Chemical action of water, 80, 81; 
properties of soils, 88 
Chenopodium, 216. See Goosefoot 
Cherry: bud-scales, 61; citric acid 
in, 143 ; -laurel, 152 
Chervil, 62 ; root, 111 
Chestnut, edible (sweet) : bud-scales, 
61; forests of, 23 ; fr., 136, *137, 
*187 
Chestnut, horse: bud-scales, 61 ; fr., 
190 ; infl., 179 
Chicory, 216 
Chickweed : fecundity of, 108, 165; 
pollination, 165; resistance to 
cold, 74. See Stellaria media 
Chillies, 151 
Chlorophyll: as energy-absorber, 66 ; 
effect of intense light on, 73; in 
mistletoe, 128 
Chlorophyll-tissue : in aquatics, 49 ; 
in sun and shade leaves, *72, 
*73 ; in xerophytes, *41, *45 
Christmas-rose, 57, 177. See Helle- 
borus 
Chrysanthemum, 109 ; segetum, 216 
Cichorie® latex, 142 
Cinchona, 142, 152 
Cinnamon, 151 
Circea fr., 197 
Circumnutation, 7116 
Citrie acid, 143 
Cladodes, 44, *45, 46 
Classification of plants, 217; arti- 
ficial system, 219 ; natural system, 
219 ; biological, 105 ; climatic, 16 ; 
ecological, 223; physiognomic, 16; 
216; semidec- 
