316 
Tannin, 150 
Tapioca, 150 
Taraxacum. See Dandelion 
Tares, 218 
Taxodiwm, 212 
Tea, 151 
Telluric water, 728, 85, 86 
Temperature, 6, 10, 11, 18 ; effect on 
pls., 74, rocks, 81, soil, 87 ; effect 
on transpiration, 34, 74. See 
Heat and Cold 
Tendril-climbers, 117 
Tendrils: leaf-, 118; leaf-tip, 119; 
morphology of, 118; petiole-, 
119; stipule-, 119; stem- or 
shoot-, 118 
Terrestrial plants, 28, 114 
Thalictrum minus, pollination, 167 
Thesium  humifuswm, parasitic 
nature of, 126 
Thickets, 268 ; alder- and willow-, 
229, 243, 269 ; hazel-, 269 
Thistle, 198; fr., *195; prickles, 
141 
Thorny plants, 17, 44, 139 
Thorns : origin of, 139 ; as a protec- 
tion, 140 ; in xerophytes, 17, 44 
Thrift, infl., 181 
Thrum-eyed fis. of primrose, 177 
Tiger-lily, bulbils, 160 
Till, 80 
Timber, 22, 152 
Toadflax (Linaria), 62, honey, 170, 
pollination, 173; bastard- (see 
Thesium) 
Tobacco, 152 ; -plant: fl., 174, honey, 
173, pollination, 173 
Toddy, 151 
Toothwort, 126, 217. 
Touch-me-not, 217. 
Noli-me-tangere 
Tragapogon, latex, 142 
Transpiration, 26, 32; in aquatics, 
52 ; causes which increase, 34, 35 ; 
regulated by stomata, 32; in- 
fluenced by wind, 76 ; in winter, 
60 ; in xerophytes, 32, 34, 35, 36, 
40 
See Lathrea 
See Impatiens 
Transpiration-current, 25, 32; in | 
hygrophytes, 29; in xerophytes, 
32 
Traveller’s-joy, 214. See Clematis 
Vitalba 
Treacle-mustard, 216 
Tree-growth : limit of, in England, 
270 ; effect of wind on, 77 ; effect 
of xerophytic conditions on, 36 
BRITISH PLANTS 
| Trees, deciduous, 60, 109 
Trichomanes radicans. See Killar- 
nev fern 
Trifolium arvense, 60 ; repens (white 
clover), 171, 174 
Trimorphic flowers, 177 
Troyeolum majus : hydathodes, 28 ; 
tendrils, 119 ; fr. and seed, *147 
Tropical rain-forests, 9, 16, 23, 27, 
9 
Tropics: climate, 10; duration of 
sunlight, 67 ; veg., 10, 23 
Tropisms, 68 
Tropophytes, 30, 31, 57; hygro- 
philous, 58; mesophilous, 58 ; 
xerophilous, 58 
Tuberous roots, 111 
Tubers, 60, 62, 110 ; food-reserves in, 
150 ; multiplication by, 159, 161 ; 
root-, 111 ; stem-, lll 
Tufted habit, 115 
Tulip, 62, 63 ; bulb, 156, *157 
Tulip-tree, 212 
Tundras, 21 
Turgidity, 24 
Turnip, 108, 111, 150 
Turpentine, 142 
Twiners, 116 
Typha, 62 
Ulex europeus (see Gorse); minor, 
914 
Ultra-violet rays, 65 
Umbel, 178, 181, *182 
Umbellifere : fls., 176; fr., 186, 191, 
*192; honey, 172; infl., 181; 
insect-visitors, 170; nectaries, 
169, *170 ; seed, 146 
Uncultivated land, 18 
Underground perennating organs, 
109 
Undergrowth of woods, 266 | 
Units of classification. See Variety, 
Species, Genus, Association, For- 
mation 
Urtica : stinging hairs, *141 ; dioica, 
216 ; wrens, 216 
Utricularia: brood-buds, 54; in- 
sectivorous habit, 131, *132; 
leaf-form, 50; pollination, 56; 
absence of roots, 49 
Valerian, 152; infl., 180; pollina- 
tion, 170 
Vaccinium-moor, 231, 249, 251, 255 
Vallisneria, 50 
Variation, 210, 219, 220 ; bud-, 153 
