GENERAL INDEX 
Variegation in leaves, 154 
Varieties, 219, 221 
Vegetable-marrow, 119 
Vegetables, culinary, 150 
Vegetation: relation to climate, 9, | 
15 ; climatic subdivisions of, 16 ; 
of Europe, 21; physiognomic 
divisions of, 16; relation to soil, 
14, 21, 84, 88, 91 ; types of, 15 
Vegetative reproduction, 149, 153 
Venus’ fly-trap, 132 
Verbena officinalis, 216 
Vernal whitlow-grass. See Draba 
verna 
Veronica: evergreen, 46; honey, 
173 ; agrestis, 216 ; arvensis, 216 
Vetch, 216, 218. See Vicia 
Viburnum Lantana, 214 
Vicia, tendrils, 118; sativa, 216 
Victoria regia, 51 
Vine, tendrils, 118, 119 
Viola: cleistogamous fls., 165; fr., 
187, *197; insect-visitors, 171, | 
174; nectaries, 169; seed-dis- | 
persal, 196 
Violet, 218. See Viola 
Virginia-creeper, tendrils, 118 
Viscum album, parasitic nature of, 
128, *129 
Vitis, tendrils, 118, *119 
Viviparous pls., +160 
Wales, veg. of mountains, 17 
Wallflower, 108 ; fr., 137, 187 
Walls, veg. of, 290 
Walnut, 212; oil, 143, 147 
Wasps, 172, 174 
Waste ground, veg. of, 295 
Water : absorption of, by roots, 25, 
33, 35, 74, 91; causes reducing 
absorption, 32, 33, 35; effect of | 
cold upon absorption, 74 ; amount 
available to pls., 85; amount | 
entering the soil, 85; amount | 
retained by the soil, 85 ; capacity 
for heat, 11 ; -capacity of soils, 86 ; 
capillary-, 86 ; chemical action on 
rocks, 80; classification of pls. 
according to, 64; as an agent of 
denudation, 80; evaporation of, 
34, 76 ; excretion of, 27, 29, 263; 
-films, 85; -glands, 127; ground 
or telluric-, 28, 85, 86; hygro- 
scopic, 86 ; light in, 52 ; path of, in 
stems, 25; physical action on 
rocks, 81; percolation of, in soil, 
87; influence on pl. life, 24, 32; 
317 
role in pls., 24; an agent of pol- 
lination, 166 ; -retaining capacity 
of soils, 87; agent of seed dis- 
persal, 197; soil-, 28; stomata, 
27; -storing tissue, 41; -supply, 
18, 19, 28 ; -vapour, 6, 26 
Water-buttercup (see Ranunculus 
aquatilis) ; -cress, 151 ; -dropwort 
(see Gnanthe); -lily: leaf, 51, 
seeds, 197, stomata, 49, winter- 
condition, 54 ; -lobelia (see Lobelia 
Dortmanna) ; -plantain (see Alisma 
Plantago) ; -plants (see Aquatics) ; 
-starwort (see Callitriche) ; -violet 
(see Hottonia) 
| Waterfalls, veg. of, 234 
Wax, 136 
Wayfaring - tree. 
Lantana 
Weeds: of cultivated ground, 296 ; 
of cultivation, 60, 108, 215, 216 
(list), 227, 297 (list); of the 
meadow, 263; of the natural 
pasture, 264 
Weathering of rocks, 80 
Weeping ash, 154; willow, 154 
Wet meadow-plants, hygrophilous 
chars. of, 29 
See Viburnum 
' Wheat: albuminous seed of, 146; 
aleurone-layer of, 147 ; as a food, 
147; -crops, 98; cultivation of, 
18, 19; flour of, 148; yield per 
acre, 149 
Whisky, 151 
Willow, 220, 221; bud-protection, 
61; bud-scales, 61; fis., 176; 
seeds, 195; -thickets, 229, 243, 
269 ; weeping-, 154 
Willowherb: fr., 187, 189; honey, 
173 ; infl., 180; seeds, 195, 197 
Wind, 12 ; effect on pls., 36, 37, 76, 
284, 286; agent of pollination, 
166 ; effect on transpiration, 34; 
agent of seed-dispersal, 195, 198 ; 
forming sand-dunes, 279 
Wine, 151 
| Winter, 10; -rest in aquatics, 54; 
-rest in tropophytes, 57 
Winter-aconite, f1., 57 
Wistaria ; climbing pl., 116; spiny 
stipules, 116 
Woljfia, absence of roots, 49 
Woodland, 15, 16, 17, 265; belt 
of deciduous-, in Europe, 22; 
swamp-, 243, 269 
Woods: artificial, 267; ash-, 229, 
272; ash-oak, 229, 272; beech-, 
