512 MR. TRIMEN ON MIMETIC ANALOGIES AMONG AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 



(Ins. recueillis en Afrique, &c. t. vi. figs. 1 a, 1 h). Dana is Niavius is not confined to 

 West Africa, but also inhabits Natal, where it constantly presents broader white 

 markings, particularly in the hind wings * ; and it is most interesting to find that both 

 the Diadenia and the Papilio in that part of Africa vary in exactly the same manner 

 from the tropical type-form. Diadema Anthedon t has been taken at St. Lucia Bay by 

 Col. Tower, and is recorded from the Querimba Islands by HopflTer (in Peters's ' Heise 

 nach Mossambique,' p. 385) ; and there can therefore be little doubt of its occurrence 

 in company with Niavius in the intermediate Zambesi region. 



I did not find this Danais commoner than the Diadema at Natal, during my visit in 

 the early part of 1867 ; but Mr. M'Ken, the Superintendent of the Botanic Gardens at 

 D'Urban, informed me that it was more plentiful at another season of the year. So 

 close is the resemblance between this butterfly and Diadema Anthedon on the wing, 

 that I was never certain as to which butterfly I had captured, until close examination 

 had been made. The JUppocoon-torva. of the ? Papilio Merope seemed very rare at 

 Natal, one example only being taken, by my Kafir collector, near D'Urban. As far as 

 my present knowledge extends, however, this form of the female Papilio appears to range 

 further southward than either the Danais or the Diadema ; for I have seen two examples 

 captured in Kaffraria proper by Mr. J. H. Bowker, and anotlier taken near Grahams- 

 town by Mrs. Barber. The cJ Papilio Merope, it should be observed, as weU as the 

 Cenea-iorm of ? , occurs in both those localities, and as far to the south and west as the 

 Knysna River. 



5. Danais Chrysippus, Linn. (Tab. XLII. fig. 5.) 



Danais Chrysippus, Syst. Nat. ii. p. 767; Cram, Pap. Exot. t. 118. figg. B, C. 

 Var. A. Alcippus, Cram. op. cit. 1. 127. figg. E, P. 

 Var. B. Dorippus, Klug, Symb. Phys. pi. 48. figs. 1-5. 



This well-known species seems to inhabit the whole of Africa, ranges through southern 

 Asia from Syria to Hongkong, and is recorded from Java, Ceram, and Timor, in the 

 Malayan Archipelago. It even extends into Southern Europe (Greece and Turkey), 

 and, according to Godart, has been taken at Naples. It presents two varieties, — one 

 {Alcippus, Cr.) in which the disk of the hind wings is more or less suff'used with white ; 

 the other {Dorippus, Klug) in which the black apex of the fore wings, and its oblique 

 white bar, are obliterated by the brick-red ground-colour %. Both these varieties seem 

 to be most frequent in Africa, Alcippus being known from four, and Dorippus from three 

 different parts of that continent. It is needless to dwell upon the very striking 



* An example of this southern variety was brought from the Zambesi by the Eev. H. Rowley, and is now in the 

 Hope Museum at Oxford. 



t In my 'Rhopalocera Afriese Australis,' pt. ii. p. 338, I have ^ven Anthedon as a synonym of duhia. This is an 

 error, into which I was led, in the absence of specimens of dubia, by Boisduvara description (Faune Ent. de Mad. &c. 

 p. 40), and by his mention oi duhia as having a special analogy with Danais Hiavius. 



X The type of King's Dorippus, figured in ' Symbols Physicse ' (loc. cit. figs. 1-4), consists of examples of both sexes, 

 from New Dongola and Ambukhol, on the Nile in Lower Nubia, which present both the red suffused apex of the fore 

 wings and a broad white suftusion over the disk of the hind wings. The " variety " of the male, however (fig. 5), 

 wants the white in the hind wings, but has a dull fuscous shade over the basal half of both wings. 



