160 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [APR. 2, 
personal formula of the embryos,’ that they grew up into ani- 
mals of species till thenunknown. ‘Thus, for example, ‘‘ some 
cause unknown to science” so changed the embryo in an Oro- 
hippus, that it was born a Mesohippus; and, after many thou- 
sand generations of the new species, like begetting like for all 
that time, the “ cause unknown to science” sochanged the em- 
bryo a second time that from the Mesohippus was born a Mio- 
hippus, as if now from a panther a lion should be born, and thus 
the process went on. 
The first of these theories, the creation de novo for each new 
species, is as unlike the course of Christ in His miracles as possi- 
ble. He employed what was already in existence and nearest to 
His purpose, and put forth the least possible amount of divine, 
or extra-natural, power that would suffice to adapt the same to 
his design. The production of new species by changes in preced- 
ing forms nearest related, appears to be in perfect harmony 
with His method. 
Such derivation of new species from older species is the 
essence of evolution, and this whether the evolution was by im- 
perceptible degrees as taught by Mr. Darwin, or at once, per 
saltum, a bound, as it were, at one birth, or at most, in a few 
successive births, from the old to thenew. Such abrupt changes 
seem most in harmony with the teachings of the miracles. In 
these the thing to be done was done not imperceptibly, but at 
once. 
So far as I can read the record of geology, its evidence also is 
in favor of abrupt changes. The links in the pedigree of the 
horse are well defined; there is not an imperceptible, long-con- 
tinued transition from genus to genus. There was the Orohippus, 
and, after a time, suddenly the Mesohippus appears; again, 
there was generation after generation of the Mesohippus, and 
then, all at once, is found the Pliohippus, and so on. 
In spite of an original and very strong bias the other way, bi- 
ologists now admit the occurrence of sudden starts upward, 
jumps in the progress of development. Prof. Huxley, in his 
** Lay Sermons,” page 297, says: ‘‘ We believe that nature does 
make jumps now and then.” May we not ask: Is there con- 
clusive proof she ever does otherwise ? He adds: ‘‘ Mr. Dar- 
win embarrassed himself with the aphorism which turns up so 
often in his pages, ‘ Natura non facit saltum.’ ”’ 
Prof. Cope, ‘‘ Origin of the Fittest,” page 123, unwittingly 
illustrates the unwillingness of the biologist to give up the 
gradualism of Darwin, and the conclusiveness the other way of 
1«‘The transition from type to type was done during foetal life.” 
Cope, Origin of the Fittest, page 276. 
