212 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [MAY 7, 
ment, and according to modern ideas requires considerable 
modification. Zeolite and mesotype are the indefinite titles of 
stilbite and other members of the same group. ‘Tourmaline 
was often termed schorl, and the two names were in close con- 
junction inonecolumn. Sphene bore the singular and lengthy 
title of silico-calcareous oxide of titanium. 
In this work we are authoritatively informed that our island 
is one of the only three localities in the United States containing 
emeralds, the other two being Haddam, Ct., and Paris, Me. 
These so-called emeralds were undoubtedly beryls or apatite. 
In 1838, Dr. L. D. Gale undertook a systematic survey of the 
island, beginning his work at Fourteenth Street and Tenth 
Avenue, near the northern limits of the then populated portion 
of the city. The result of his work is found in the ‘‘ Report on 
Fourth District, N. Y. State Survey, Geology of the Island.” 
A later chronicler of our local mineralogy was a member of 
the New York Lyceum of Natural History, Mr. Issachar Cozzens, 
who published in 1843 a work entitled, ‘‘A Geological History of 
Manhattan or New York Island.” He is also recorded as our first 
dealer in minerals. 
From this time onward, the number of those interested in 
local mineralogy is multiplied. Among those more or less de- 
voted to the study and collection of home specimens may be 
mentioned the names of Dr. Benj. N. Martin, Prof. D. 8. 
Martin, J. W. Deems, L. Winslow, A. Woodward, and S. C. H. 
Bailey. 
The monograph of the last-named collector, read before the 
Lyceum of Natural History, November, 1865, gives evidence of 
the rapid advance in mineralogical research. The writer is fond 
of noticing the associations of certain minerals, drawing inter- 
esting parallels between home and foreign groups of crystals. 
Among the important specimens found by him were rhom- 
boidal biotite, hexagonal crystals of molybdenite, fine garnet 
masses in a yellow schist, essonite, transparent white apatite, 
orthite, and handsome zeolitic minerals from Fourth Avenue. 
Rarest of all was what he believed to be graphic tellurium from 
a strangerock which seemed to be neither im si¢w nor a boulder, 
quite similar to the gangue of the Transylvanian mineral. 
To Mr. Bailey the author is indebted for valuable suggestions 
when in the year 1871 he fell into the line of students of local 
mineralogy, on the object lesson plan.’ 
1 The author’s taste for mineralogy was aroused when a lad of 13 
years of age, by meeting with an engineer from Cornwall, England, who 
was about to take charge of the celebrated copper mine near Bristol, 
Ct., where he was then residing. The contents of the iron-bound chest 
