1888. | NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 31 
stream-beds that are so now much worked by the hydraulic 
process. 
Dr. Britton reported the discovery of an outcrop of Creta- 
ceous clays on Staten Island, near Grasmere Station, at a point 
beyond previous identification, but lying within the area indi- 
cated as Cretaceous in his map of the island, and so confirming 
the correctness of the views therein embodied. 
Dr. Hussarp spoke of a published statement to the effect 
that woodchucks and foxes climb trees. 
Mr. E. B. SoutHwick stated that he had seen foxes on rail 
fences, and had caught woodchucks at a height of eighteen feet 
on trees. 
The paper of the evening was then read by Dr. H. NicHoLas 
JARCHOW, entitled: 
FORESTRY IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITH SPECIAL 
REFERENCE TO THE NEED OF TRAINED FORESTERS AND THE 
SUCCESS ATTAINED IN THAT DEPARTMENT ABROAD. 
Mr. President, and Ladies and Gentlemen:—The forests of 
our State are in a bad condition; that is conceded by all; but 
they are not by far in such a miserable condition as were 150 
years ago the forests of Germany, which are in so fine a state of 
cultivation to-day. The devastations caused to the forests by 
the Thirty Years’ War and by the internal political troubles, as 
well as the necessity to the owners of the large forests (govern- 
ments and corporations) of deriving an adequate income from 
their property, made it imperative that something should be 
done in order to restore and properly to sustain the woods. ‘To 
bring about this result, many scientific men devoted themselves 
to the exclusive study of forest treatment, and perceiving the 
necessity of intrusting the management of forests to a specially 
educated and trained body of officials, possessing the requisite 
knowledge and information, they gathered around them—as in 
ancient times did the teachers in philosophy—young, enthusiastic 
men, and imparted to them the knowledge and experience which 
they themselves had acquired by many years of observation and 
' study. The most successful teacher in this line was the over- 
forestmaster von Langen at Brunswick. He was the chief 
officer in charge of the forests in the dukedom of Brunswick, 
a little territory of about one and a half millions of acres, one- 
third of which consisted chiefly of mountains formerly covered 
with dense forests, but then nearly denuded. As the income of 
