78 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [JAN. 21, 
oppositifolia, T. and G., Actinella odorata, Gray, Dysodia 
chrysanthemoides, Lag., D. Cooperi, Gray, Schkuhria Hop- 
kirkii, and the Hoffmannseggias, are almost characteristic of the 
water-holes, the low places where the rains settle. 
This first section extends from the eastern nearly to the 
western boundary of the territory along its northern border. 
Its western limit extends diagonally, curving toward the north- 
east, from the north-western to the south-eastern corner of the 
territory, dividing it approximately into halves. In its north 
central point the second region takes its rise, running to the 
verge of the plateau near Fort Verde, and thence skirting it to 
the south-eastward and into New Mexico. ‘This belt, known as 
the San Francisco Forest, consists almost wholly of the Pinus 
ponderosa. It is one of the most beautiful forests in existence, 
its effect heightened by contrast with the neighboring deserts, 
from which it must be entered. The same conditions of isola- 
tion render it one of the most important of timber resources. 
The San Francisco Mts., in which this forest takes its rise, 
have an elevation of about 9,000 ft., and rise some 2,500 or 
3,000 ft. above the general level. Their volcanic origin is strik- 
ingly apparent. ‘To the eastward they present formidable gulfs 
and precipices, but to the westward a comparatively easy- 
ascent. At the summit grow only lichens. One or two hundred 
feet below begins the alpine flora, represented in flower at the 
time I visited them, July 3d, 1883, by Cerastiums, Sedum 
rhodantheum, Gray, Arenaria scabrella, Greene, which I collected 
for the first time; Polemoniwm confertum, Gray; Luzula spadicea, 
DC., var. parviflora, and the most beautiful Primula Parryt, 
Gray. This species presented patches of radiant bloom upon 
the surface of the snow, which had covered its roots to the depth 
of several inches. Pedicularis Parryi, Gray, was abundant a 
little lower, and at about 8,000 ft. occurs the timber-line. The 
upper timber consists mostly of firs and spruces, notably the 
Pseudotsuga Douglasii, Cav., with Pinus aristata, Eng.; the 
Pinus ponderosa of the forest proper beginning at about 
7,000 ft. In the ravines of the upper portion of the forest we 
collect Potentilla Thurberi, Gray, Mertensia paniculata, Don., 
Pentstemon glaucus, Graham, var. stenophyllus, Gray, Thalic- 
trum Wrightii, Gray, Ligusticum scopulorum, Gray, Hieracium 
Fendleri, Gray, Frasera speciosa, Dougl., Habenaria Thurberi, 
Gray, and a gooseberry, probably FR. lacustre, Poir. Toward the 
bottom there is abundance of Zigadenus elegans, Pursh, Hrigeron 
glabellus, Nutt., and, if I remember correctly, Aster adscendens, 
Lind]. Crossing the slope at the base, we walk nearly waist- 
deep in fine pasture grasses, chiefly of the long- and short- 
leaved varieties of Festuca ovina, L., to me appearing specifically 
