116 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [FEB. 18, 
ing is done by puncture and by rubbing soot into the wounds. 
The patterns are exactly analogous to the paintings and carvings 
of those people. ‘Tattooing is not unknown to the neighboring 
tribes, but chiefly confined to marks on the wrists and eventu- 
ally on the ankles. Such designs are found, for instance, among 
the T'simshian. Tattooing un the arm and breast is also fuund 
among the Nutkas of the west coast of Vancouver Island, but in 
this case it is connected with religious practices, not with the 
social organization,—the totems of the people,—as it is among 
the Haidas. A photograph of a Nutka was exhibited, showing 
a human figure on the breast. The same individual had long, 
parallel cuts running from the collar bone down to the belly, 
and from the shoulders all along the arms. These wounds are 
inflicted at the initiation of the young man into a secret society 
and are called ‘‘ Tlo-koala,” a word borrowed from the Kwa- 
kiutl language. 
Besides these photographs of tattooed men, others illustrating a 
few types of Indians were shown, and attention was called to the 
broadness of their faces, the light color of their skins, and the 
shortness of their heads. Deformed heads are found only as far 
north as Milbank Sound and Gardner Channel. A few photo- 
graphs of excessively deformed heads from the north point of 
Vancouver Island showed the effects of bandaging, which results 
in a great elongation of the occipital part of the head. 
Replying to a question of the chairman, Dr. Boas stated that 
the style of art of the northern Tlingit, the Haida, Kwakiutl, 
Nutka, and Salish can be easily distinguished. He believes 
that certain designs originated among the Kwakiutl, but reached 
their highest stage of development among the Haidas. The 
Salish have some peculiarities not shared by any of the other 
tribes. | 
Tue PRESIDENT referred to his own observations on the 
carvings among some twenty tribes of that region, and to the 
artistic skill displayed by those along the coast, whose work 
bears a decided resemblance to that of the races of Central 
America,—possibly indicating a genetic relationship,—and con- 
trasts strongly with the inferior skill in carving shown by the 
inland tribes of our Northwestern territory. 
