138 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [MAR. 18, 
South Carolina on through the North Carolina counties of 
Cleveland, Gaston, Lincoln, Catawba, etc., into Virginia, about 
Cumberland County. Nearly opposite King’s Mountain, it is 
bounded on the west by granite, and on the east by the lime- 
stone formation, as I term it, which consists of two beds of lime- 
stone (Z, ZL), imbedded in altered clay slates and other strata 
hereafter mentioned. The region of mica slates, G 7’, is not 
wholly composed of that rock, for in some places it seems to 
graduate into talcose schist ; but the greisen in all instances 
continues. 
Fig. 2, Plate IJ., is a cross-section from the east side of 
King’s Mountain, the tallest peak representing its summit, 
through to the granite, northwesterly,—a distance of about five 
miles. In crossing eastward from the granite, we first come, 
on the left, to the mica-schist region; the black lines in it repre- 
sent the veins or bodies of greisen, while a horizontal cross-lining 
represents the trap dikes. In traversing this tin formation it be- 
comes apparent that there are two true fissure veins, and possibly 
others also. Crossing the trap dike, we come to the limestone 
formation, which is marked first by a vein or ledge of quartzite 
or altered sandstone, extending along its entire length in nearly 
a northeast and southwest direction. The dip of the different 
strata appears on the drawing nearly vertical; in reality it is 
about twenty degrees from the vertical, dipping to the west. 
Then, in making this cross-section, we come next to clay slates, 
then to limestone, then sandstone or quartzite again, then slates, 
then quartzite, then a trap dike, then slates, and so on until 
we come to a body of iron-ore which extends parallel with the 
limestone; then we have quartzite again and slates, and next 
an immense body of what I call ‘‘mountain slate,” which has 
been termed talcose slate, carrying specular iron-ore—the gray 
ore that has been mentioned by Tuomey and Lieber in their 
accounts. Continuing, we come to more slates, then to an im- 
mense body of quartzites, and again to slates; and then we 
reach the centre of elevation of the region, the summit of King’s 
Mountain, which is composed of the same altered sandstone or 
quartzite which I have mentioned; then we come again to the 
schists, and finally to a body of iron-ore, similar to the former 
one, of specular iron, which occurs in the same kind of moun- 
tain slate, or talcose schist, previously referred to. 
It is evident that these strata were once nearly horizontal, 
perhaps entirely so, with the exception of the trap dikes and 
veins. During continental emergence, there was a folding and 
crumpling of the surface, which resulted in giving us the tilted 
beds as they are found to-day. Undoubtedly, during that period 
of disturbance, erosion almost incomprehensible must have 
