1889. } NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 139 
taken place. I have been entirely unable to determine where 
the anticlinal axis is, since for many miles east of the summit I 
have found the same dip. I had supposed, in crossing King’s 
Mountain, that probably the strata would be found dipping to 
the east; but upon examination I find that such is not the case. 
At any rate, we have here an illustration of the fact that erosion 
has taken place at some time on a vast scale, perhaps when the 
sands of the Tertiary formation were deposited, but certainly at 
a period exceedingly ancient. 
Following this came another period of metamorphism, rep- 
resented by the trap dikes found in that region. These dikes 
evidently did not make their appearance until the beds had been 
tilted, and the slates had assumed very much the same position 
occupied by them to-day. 
Subsequent to the period represented by the trap dikes, is the 
time when yein-making took place, and the mineral deposits of 
the region, both gold and tin, were formed. There are many 
evidences, to my mind, which go to prove this. In the first 
place, the trap dikes are doubtless later than the great period of 
uplift. In the second place, these greisen veins carrying tin are 
seen to be subsequent to the trap period, because, as is il- 
lustrated here on the map, Plate III., the veins of greisen are 
found cutting through the trap from the slates, running both 
northeast and southwest, and also nearly east and west, through 
the trap formation, which becomes for a short distance the 
country-rock, and appears there to be a diorite very much 
mingled with quartz. I have here samples showing exactly the 
rock of these greisen veins which cut the trap, and then the 
character which the dike assumes where it turns along the 
course of the granite boundary and becomes narrower. 
Fig. 3, Plate II., is a cross-section (ideal) from the granite to 
the limestone. The limestone stratum shown farthest east marks 
the position, at m, of the King’s Mountain gold-mine,—one 
of the oldest gold-mines in North Carolina, having been worked 
at different times for some fifty years. Between the granite 
and the sandstone or quartzite which marks the micaceous 
slates, I have placed one vein of greisen that is a true fissure, 
and also another similar one, and these two are the only unques- 
tionable fissures that I have been able to discover. In all other 
instances, these deposits of greisen appear to conform to the 
‘mica-schists in which they are included, and to dip with them. 
In crossing this section of the country, while only two beds of 
limestone are apparent, it seems probable, from certain shales 
(ancient silt) which make their appearance on the surface, that 
other veins or strata of limestone will be found below. ‘These 
shales have exactly the appearance of the black Silurian shales 
