1889. ] NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 141 
is about 60 feet from the surface. Therefore it appears that the 
brown ore is not due to oxidation per se, but has been deposited 
by water. Such being the case, referring again to the tin-ore 
veins, I think that they are subsequent to the formation of the 
trap dikes, perhaps marking the exhaustion of that era,—that 
is, the era of which the trap dikes are representative. Not that 
I think the trap dikes themselves have anything to do with 
mineralizing the veins, but that they represent a period of meta- 
morphism subsequent to the great foldings and their attendant 
period of erosion. 
The map, Plate III., represents the topography of the country 
immediately at King’s Mountain. 
The square represents the village of that name. Next to the 
mountains we have the limestone stratum in which the old gold- 
mine is situated. West of it we have the limestone stratum 
which next to the quartzites bounds the tin formation. Then 
we cross the tin formation to the granite, with the same large 
body of trap before referred to, intersected by two sets of greisen 
veins; and the long, broken line represents the trap dike, which 
I have traced for a distance of fifty miles. 
There is an interesting point in connection with this lime- 
stone ledge of the King’s Mountain mine. I have not read Mr, 
Lieber’s work, but I understand that he mentions the same 
fact, namely, that the draining of King’s Mountain mine 
drains this limestone stratum, an iron-mine several miles to the 
southwest becoming dry whenever water is taken from the gold- 
mine. On the other hand, when the King’s Mountain mine is 
allowed to fill with water and is no longer pumped out, then the 
water is found to fill that iron-mine. 
In following the tin formation, I have found, from near 
Black’s Station to within about three miles of Lincolnton, the 
cassiterite continuous in the greisen veins, which the greisen 
rock on the table fairly represents, although that is richer in 
tin than a great many. ‘Therefore, from near Black’s Sta- 
tion to near Lincolnton, a distance of about twenty-eight 
miles, these veins of greisen are found, in all instances, to 
carry cassiterite. Along this entire line on map No. 1, which 
represents the tin (I have omitted the trap dike), to a point 
about three miles in an air-line to the northeast of King’s 
Mountain, the limestone continues to bound the tin formation 
on the east. Then we come to a region where we cross from 
granite to granite, similar in character on both sides of the tin 
formation. When I first made this discovery, I naturally supposed 
that the limestone formation had been cut off entirely. I tra- 
versed the granite for some distance both across and lineally, 
and, finding it to continue, I supposed that it extended to the 
