BIRDS—FALCONINAE—FALCO SPARVERIUS 13 
7 
Sub-Genus Hierofalco. 
FALCO CANDICANS, Gmelin. 
Falco candicans, Gm. Syst. Nat. I. 275. (1788.) 
Falco groenlandicus, Davpi, Traite d’Orn. II, 107. (1800.) 
Falco fuscus, Fapricivs, Fauna Groenlandica, p. 56. (1780) ? 
Falco arcticus, Hotsoxt, Label in Acad. Mus. Philadelphia. 
Adult—Entirely white; upper parts with irregular confluent transverse bands, and large subterminal hastate or sagittat_s ot 
of ashy brown; under parts with a few longitudinal narrow stripes of brown. Primary quills white, with their tips brownish 
black ; tail white, with transverse bands of brownish black on the outer webs of the external feathers. 
Young.—Upper parts with the brown predominating and of a lighter shade than in the adult, and more or less barred and 
spotted with white, Under parts white, tinged with ashy, with longitudinal stripes of brown, especially on the abdomen 
Quills and tail ashy brown, with transverse bands of dull white. 
Total length about 24 inches, wing 16, tail 10 inches. 
Hab. Northern North America, Greenland. Spec. in Mus. Acad. Philad. 
A very handsome falcon, almost entirely pure white in its adult plumage. This bird and 
the succeeding have been demonstrated by Mr. Holboll and other Danish naturalists to be 
resident species in Greenland, and inhabit also other countries of the northern regions of the 
continent of America. 
#: FALCO ISLANDICUS, Gmelin. 
The Ger Falcon. The Iceland Falcon. 
Falco islandicus, Gm. Syst. Nat. I, 275. (1788.) 
Falco islandus, Fasricius, Faun. Groenl., p. 58. (1780)? 
Adult.—Entirely white; upper parts with reguiar transverse and very distinct bands of brown, becoming somewhat crescent, 
shaped on the scapulars and rump, and slightly acuminate on the shafts of the feathers. Quills white, brownish black at their 
tips; tail white, with about twelve transverse narrow bands of brow . Under parts with a few longitudinal lines of dark 
brown. 
Young.—Upper plumage brown, with transverse bands of dull white. Under parts dull white, with numerous circular and 
irregular shaped spots of dark brown, largest on the sides, and disposed to form transverse bands. Quills and tail dar brown 
with transverse bands of ashy white. 
Total length about 24 inches, wing 1614, tail 10 inches. 
Hab. Northern North America, Greenland. Spec. in Mua, Acad. Philad. 
Nearly allied to the preceding, and only to be distinguished from it by the different shape 
and pattern of the darker markings on the upper parts of the body. Like the preceding too, 
it inhabits Greenland ; and specimens that we have seen from that country cannot be distin- 
guished from the well known bird of Iceland and northern Europe. 
Sub-Genus Tinnunculus. 
FALCO SPARVERIUS, Linnaeus. 
The Sparrow Hawk. 
Falco sparverius, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 128. (1766.) 
Falco dominicensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. I, 285. (1788.) 
Falco gracilis, cinnamominus and isabellinus, Sw. Cab. Cy. p. 281. (1838.) 
Ficures.—Vieill. Ois. d’Am., Sept., pl. 12, 13; Catesby’s Carolina, pl. 5; Wilson Am. Orn. II, pl. 16, fig. 1, and IV, 
pl. 32, fig. 2; Aud. B. of Am., pl. 42, Oct. ed. I, pl. 22; Rich. and Swains. Faun. Bor. Am. Birds, pl. 24; De Kay, Nat 
Hist. New York, Birds, pl. 7, fig. 16. 
Adult.—Smaller than any of the preceding. Frontal band and space, including the eyes and throat, white, spot on the. 
neck behind, two others on each side of the neck, and line running downwards from before the eye, black. Spot on the top of 
