BIRDS—CUCULIDAE—CROTOPHAGA RUGIROSTRIS. 71 
Family CUCULIDAE. The Cuckoos. 
Bill compressed, gently curved, sometimes attenuated, and generally lengthened. A few bristles at the base of the bill or 
none. ‘Tarsi lengthened ; toes rather short. Tail long and soft, of 8 to 12 feathers. 
The preceding diagnosis covers a great variety of forms, although those found within the 
United States embrace but three genera, which may be indicated as follows, each forming the 
type of a sub-family : 
A. Tail feathers eight ; face naked. 
Crotopuaca.— Bill shorter than the head. Very high, and much compressed. 
B. Tail feathers ten; face covered with feathers. 
Gerococcyx.—Bill longer than the head. Loral feathers stiff, bristly. Tarsi much longer 
than the toes. Live on the ground. 
Coccyaus.—Bill not as long as the head. Loral feathers soft. Tarsi shorter than the 
toes. Live on trees. 
CROTOPHAGA, Linneus. 
Crotophaga, Linnzxvus, Systema Nature, 1756. 
Bill as long as the head, very much compressed ; the culmen elevated into a high crest, extending above the level of the 
forehead. Nostrils exposed, elongated. Point of bill much decurved. Wings lengthened, extending beyond the base of the 
tail, the fourth or fifth quill longest. Tail lengthened, of eight graduated feathers. Toes long, with well developed claws. 
The feathers in this genus are entirely black; those on the head and neck with a peculiar 
stiffened, metallic or scale-like border. The species are not numerous, and are entirely confined 
to America, 
For a number of years the occurrence of specimens of Crotophaga at various points on our 
sea border has been recorded, but the genus has never been formally introduced into our fauna. 
There is, however, no reason to doubt its existence as a regular summer visitor on the keys 
and shores of Florida, as well as at various points on the Gulf of Mexico. In the following 
pages I describe two species, and it is quite possible that others may occasionally occur within 
our limits, 
CROTOPHAGA RUGIROSTRIS, Sw. 
Ani; Black Parrot, (Florida.) 
Crotophaga rugirostra, Sw. 214 Cent. in Anim. in Menag. 1838, 321, fig. 65, b. (bill ;)—‘* Janpine & Sexpy, Ill. 
Orn. pl. 41.”” 
Crotophaga rugirostris, BurmzisTER, Thiere Bras. II, Vogel, 1856, 255. 
Bill with faint wrinkles transverse to the culinen, which is gently decurved from a point above, or a littlo posterior to the 
nostrils. The highest portion of the crest obtusely angular, rounded ; no portion parallel to the commissure. Nostrils situated 
nearly in the middle of the lower half of the lateral outline of the upper mandible. Color black, with bluish reflections above. 
Pointed feathers of the head and neck with a bronzed metallic border. Length about 15 inches ; wing, 6; tail, 8 
Hab.—F lorida to Brazil. 
Bill at the nostrils nearly twice as high as broad; the nostrils elliptical, a little oblique, 
situated in the middle of the lower half of the upper mandible. Gonys nearly straight. In- 
dications of faint transverse wrinkles along the upper portion of the bill, nearly perpendicular 
to the culmen. Legs stout ; tarsus longer than middle toe, with seven broad scutellae anteriorly 
