BIRDS—TYRANNINAE—TYRANNUS CAROLINENSIS. 171 
Comparative measurements of the species. 
Catal. Species. Locality. Sex. length Extent. |Wing.| Tail. | rasta. Middle Itsclaw.| Bill | Along | Specimen 
No. toe, | above. | gape. | - measured. 
8905 | Tyrannus carolinensis ...| Frémont, on Hlatte| 3 8.00 |........| 4.64 | 3.62 0.72 0.66 0.74 | 0.98 
1513 | ecere oAOreeeescccccccess Carlisle, Pa Q To5Z |overeeee| 4.52 | 3.66 0.70 0.74 0.72 0.94 
D0. |eveeeeedOccccceceees Ae oe dO.. cecree BAO ec OO So Loi Seteie'es|llcteiwaisina.el geivi.64%s'| hoe aidenm |saaeioaee|l'ces sine es 
Indian Key, Fla... TBO |ecceveee| 4,70 | 4.10 0.72 0.76 1,14 1.38 | 
Farm Island, Net ,, Q BGG |ecasisees 4.92 | 4.10 0.70 0.70 0.74 0.94 
ootes do... seeeee see] O G37 |) 14.50) [Ss lca acl eesise <cccesees|ecessees|sccosees|socseecs 
-| Steilacoom, W T..}..+008 8.90 |....s00.| 5.30 | 4 40 0.70 0.70 0.26 0.80 0.92 
Tejon valley......+ rea 8.80 |.sceseee] 5.24 | 4.24] 0.7 0.78| 0.30) 0.84| 1.00 | 
Sac valley. sese sees Q 8.76 |.eeeeeee| 4.90 | 4.08] 0.7 0.22} 0.36) 0.88] 1.08) 
Mexico .....-. leone 8.90 |...00...| 5.18 | 4.08 0.78 0.7 0.28 0.78 1.00 | 
8101 | Tyrannus melancholicus,.| Vera Oruz.. .... +++. rei 8.90 |..cccees| 4.44 | 4.22 0.80 0.80 0.32 0.90 1,02} 
4001 | Tyrannus couchii.........| New Leon, Mekico . fot 9540 [ees dene-| 4.94 | 4.58 0.72 0.74 0.30 0.98 1.04 | 
Dass|eceee eedOcvesicees astenaea| ses setdOsscvesteees|sooeee e005; 089 5°00) | sseeer |coteaet|ereneest|pensenss Weecsivess leasteces | 
TYRANNUS CAROLINENSIS, Baird. 
King Bird; Bee Martin. 
Lanius tyrannus, Linn. yst. Nat. [, 1766, 136. This belongs to the Cuban T. matutinus, according to Bonaparte, 
Muscicapa tyrannus, (Brisson?) Witsox, Am. Orn. I, 1808, 66; pl. xiiiAup. Orn. Biog. I, 1832, 403: V, 1839, 
420; pl. 79, In. Birds Amer. I, 1840, 204; pl. 56. 
Lanius tyrannus, var. y carolinensis, ludovicianus, GMELLEN, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 302. 
Muscicapa rec, Barron Fragments, N.H. Penna. 1799, 18. 1 
Tyrannus pipiri, Viettot, Ois. Am. Sept. I, 1807, 73; pl.xliv—Cas. Journ. Orn. IIT, 1855, 478. 
Tyrannus intrepidus, Vre1Lu0T, Galerte Ois. I, 1824,214; pl. 133.-Swarinson, Mon. Ty. Shrikes Quart. Jour. 1826, 274 
Muscicapa animosa, Licut. Verz. Doubl. 1823, No. 558. 
Gobe Mouche de la Caroline, Burron, Ois. V, 281; enl. pl. 676. 
Tyrannus leucogaster, STEPHENS, Shaw Gen. Zool. XIII, m, 1826, 132. 
Sp. Cu.—Two, sometimes three, outer primaries abruptly attenuated at the end. Second quill longest ; third little shorter ; 
first rather longer than fourth, or nearly equal. Tail slightly rounded. Above dark bluish ash. The top and sides of the head 
to beneath the eyes bluish black. A concealed erest on the crown, vermilion inthe centre, white behind, and before partially 
mixed with orange. Lower parts pure white, tinged with pale bluish ash on the sides of the throat and across the breast; sides 
of the breast and under the wings similar to, but rather lighter than, the back. Avx<illaries pale grayish brown tipped with 
lighter. The wings dark brown, darkest towards the ends of the quills ; the greater coverts and quills edged with white, most so 
onthe tertials ; the lesser coverts edged with paler. Upper tail coverts and upper surface of the tail glossy black, the latter 
very dark brown beneath ; all the feathers tipped, and the exterior margined externally with white, forming a conspicuous ter- 
minal band about .25 of an inch broad. Length, 8.50; wing, 4.65 inches ; tail, 3.70 ; tarsus, .75. 
Hab.—Eastern North America to Rocky Mountains. West of this seen only in Washington Territory. 
The young of the year is similar; the colors duller; the concealed colored patch on the 
crown wanting. The tail more rounded ; the primaries not attenuated. 
Specimens vary in the amount of white margining the wing feathers ; the upper tail coverts 
are also margined sometimes with white. 
