BIRDS—-LIOTRICHIDAE—THRIOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS. 361 
THRIOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS, Bonap. 
Great Carolina Wren. 
Jotacilia troglodytes, Var. y, GMELIN, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 994. 
Sylvia ludoviciana, Laruam, Ind. Orn. I, 1790, 548, No. 150. 
Troglodytes ludovicianus, Licut. Verz. Doubl. 1823, 35.—Bon. Obs. Wilson, 1824, No. 65.—Avup. Orn. Biog. I, 
1831, 399 : V, 1839, 466; pl. 78.—Is. Syn. 1839, 74.—Is. Birds Amer. II, 1841, 116; pl. 
tb We 
Thryothorus ludovicianus, Bonar. List, 1838.—Is. Consp. 1850, 220.—Is. Comptes Rendus, XX VIL, 1854, 57: Notes 
Delattre, 41. 
Troglodytes arundinaceus, VieittotT, Ois. Am. Sept. II, 1807, 55; pl.-cviii. The habits as detailed are those of T. 
palustris. Description certainly refers to the present species. 
Thryothorus arundinaceus, Lesson, Rev. Zool. 1849, 263, (but not his synonymes.) 
Certhia caroliniana, Witson, Am. Orn. II, 1810, 61; pl. xii, f. 5. 
Thryothorus littoralis, Virrttor, Nouv. Dict. XXXIV, 1819, 56. 
Thryothorus lowisianae, Lesson, Rev. Zool. 1840, 262. 
Sp. Cu —Exposed portion of the bill shorter than the head. Above reddish brown, most vivid on the rump. A whitish streak 
over the eve, bordered above with dark brown. Throat whitish ; rest of under parts pale yellow rusty, darkest towards the 
under tail coverts, which are conspicuously barred with black. Exposed surface of the wings and tail (including the upper 
coverts) barred throughout with brown, the outer edges of tail feathers and quills showing series of alternating whitish and 
dusky spots. Legs flesh colored. Length, 6 inches ; wing, 2.60; tail, 2.45. 
Hab.—Eastern United States to the Missouri; north to Pennsylvania. In Texas to upper Rio Grande. 
The bill, measured to the forehead, is about as long as the head; the culmen moderately 
curved ; the inferior outline nearly straight. The wings are short, reaching over the posterior 
third of the tail, but not to the ends of the coverts. The under parts are entirely destitute of 
any trace of bars except on the tail coverts. The brown of the back assumes rather a grayish 
shade on the crown. As usual there is a good deal of concealed white on the rump. The tail 
feathers are all similar in color and uniform close barring, the exterior only having rather more 
dusky and whitish. The middle and secondary coverts have each a light spot at the end, said 
to be wanting in the female. The shafts of the interscapular feathers are paler than the 
remaining portion. The white streak over the eye is very conspicuous, and extends down the 
side of the neck ; beneath this streak and behind the eye is a patch like the back; the rest of the 
side of the head is grayish white, streaked with dusky. 
Specimens vary considerably in the intensity of color, the under parts being sometimes but 
little tinged with the pale rusty, except on the sides and towards the tail. The under tail 
coverts are frequently almost pure white, conspicuously barred with black ; generally, however, 
they have a rusty tinge. In one specimen (7124) the under coverts are without any bars. 
The only specimen I have seen from regions west of the Missouri is that collected at Fort 
Thorn by Dr. Henry. | : 
46 Db 
