BIRDS—FRINGILLIDAE—GUIRACA LUDOVICIANA. 497 
The essential character of the genus, as here established, lies in the very thick, slightly arched 
pill, the pointed wings, longer than the even tail, and the tarsi shorter than the middle toe. 
Taking G. cerulea as the type of the genus, it differs from ludoviciana and melanocephala 
in having a larger and deeper lower jaw, in proportion to the upper ; the commissure more 
abruptly angulated ; a more distinct ridge ; the lateral toes rather shorter. The Cyanoloxia 
parellina of Bonaparte, assigned to the same genus by him, is radically different, the bill being 
more like Cyanopiza in the comparative weakness of the lower jaw ; the feet are much more slender, 
the tail shorter and much more rounded. According to G. R. Gray, the genus Goniaphea of 
Bowdich, has the Loxia ludoviciana as type. 
The species may be grouped as follows: 
GUIRACA, 
Blue; wings banded with chestnut Drown...........ssssesesecrssssenssceceseeceseeeseesensese COEPUED. 
GONIAPHEA. 
Black ; breast rose colored; belly white. Under wing coverts of female saffron yellow or 
HARTA MRR ee Sac ce eeeatiecasuctvoc goede ces fess eauientinrs cednetasncasn vob toe sefisna nse Gray ML CULCL OE Cn 
Black ; median band on the crown, nuchal collar, rump and under parts yellowish cinnamon ; 
central line of belly yellow. Under wing coverts of female clear lemon yellow...@. melanocephala. 
Comparative measurements of species. 
c | a . oie Wiest eel errite 
: pecies. Locality. & |= & 2 a o Jog Sul bome ales & | Specimens 
s ve Se = a Zz = 2\2 3 re || ae = measured. 
5 a|aja |2&/ea|e]s [2 jzeje | a | = 
1496 | Guiraca ludoviciana....| Carlisle, Pa.........00 3 1201 |lerestare 4.13 | 3.48 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.28 | 0.61 | 0.36 | 0.64 | 0.73 | Skin...... 
dom eeerdO sec sscenadQecress|sccsss dOyscsescnscesesctiercses BIA 3708)|f4.16nhaeseelieeees | escer levecce|soreselececes| toscaaleecetes Fresh ...., 
7018! |tecdowc..oes-« dose. Sti Louis's. scree sseey ess OP RTALON eae 3.82 0 91 | 0.25 | 0.60 | 0.24 | 0.60 | 0 66 | Skin ...... 
1867 | Guiraca melanocephala.| Fort Union, Mo....+...| G | 7.40 |..sees 4.14 0.94 | 0.28 | 0.65 | 0.28 | 0.73 | 0.76 | Skin...... 
LEG Bron cecjecnes UD sccces|cccceeDO: cccsiasesnicsece|) Se ||| Ta20 |eceee 4.10 0.94 | 0.25 | 0.60 | 0.26 | 0.64 0.75 | Skin ...... 
1484 | Guiraca caerulea....... 320! [ies aeieie 3.33 0.84 | 0.20 | 0.57 | 0.23 | 0.63 | 0.69 | Skin...... 
do. 11/325] (3950! |Secee lovee es | Mices | ieesioe|cacesle leocene leaoestl caenat | Fresh ..... 
LOWSO cece dO aces ce ecc GOccees| VWWashington,D. O..ccce], se: ||(5:90'||.ac0es 3.15 0.90 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.28 | 0.59 | 0.60 | SKin ...cc0 
GUIRACA LUDOVICIANA, Swainson. 
Rose-breasted Grosbeak. 
Lowia ludoviciana, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 306.—Wirson, Am. Orn. II, 1810, 135; pl. xvii, f. 2. 
Guiraca ludoviriana, Swainson, Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 438.—Bonap. List, 1838.—Is. Consp. 1850, 501. 
Fringilla ludoviciana, Aup. Orn. Biog. I, 1834, 166: V, 513; pl. 127. 
Pyrrhula ludoviciana, Sas. Zool. App. Franklin’s Narr. 
Coccothraustes ludoviciana, Ricn. List, Pr. Br. Ass. 1837. 
Coccoborus ludovicianus, Aup. Syn. 1839, 133.—Is. Birds Am. IIT, 1841, 209 ; pl. 205. 
‘© Goniaphea ludoviciana, Bownicu.”’ 
Hedymeles ludoviciana, Cananis, Mus. Hein. 1851, 153. 
Fringilla pwnicea, Gmevin, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 921. (Male.) 
Lowia obscura, GMELIN, I, 1788, 862. 
Lowia rosea, Witson, Am. Orn. pl. xvii, f. 2. 
Coccothraustes rubricollis, Vir1ti0T, Galeri des Ois. I, 1824, 67; pl. Iviii. 
Sp. Cu.—Upper parts generally, with head and neck all round, glossy black. A broad crescent across the upper part of the 
breast, extending narrowly down to the belly, axillaries, and under wing coverts, carmine. Rest of under parts, rump and upper 
tail coverts, middle wing coverts, spots on the tertiaries and inner great wing coverts, basal half of primaries and secondaries, 
and a large patch on the ends of the inner webs of the outer three tail feathers, pure white. ; 
June 19, 1858. 
63 b 
