BIRDS— FRINGILLIDAE—GUIRACA CAEROLEA, 
499 
The female is readily distinguishable from that of G@. ludoviciana by the shade of light 
cinnamon brown beneath, without streaks or spots, (or else very obsolete,) and the existence of 
the same color on the back. The tail is more olive green, and the quills are white at their 
bases. 
An unmistakeable character is found in the under wing coverts and axillaries, which, 
in the female Zudoviciana, are saffron or orange yellow instead of the clear lemon or gamboge 
yellow of melanocephala. 
List of specimens. 
Catal.| Sex Locahty. When col- Whence obtained./Orig’!| Collected by— 
No. |X age. lected. | No. 
1867 | © | Fort Union, Neb..... sees | June 26,1843} J. J. Audubon ...|..ee0s saaiuinines.e 
1868 Q coadon MO berciiacreteaiseereie 8: |LOG sie scraeiase |alsysisiee UOitjoeiesan‘cc|(va eeerleeee vee eevee 
5586 roa Powder river, Neb....... | Aug. 1, 1856 | Lt. G. K. Warren.) i000. Dr. Hayden.... 
A850 |eeeee ee veeeeee eleacieiee eWeieraletesoie's cfaistain'|leiacelaisiess.eyec cs cacce|cccces|sccees dO ween 
2873 3 Columbia river........... | July 28,1835. S. F. Baird... ....|.ee00.| J. K. Townsend|..... 
4851 | Q Bijou Hills, Neb......... May 17,1856) Lt. G. K. Warren.|.... Dr. Hayden.... 
ADSOIGuilaesses fits) @roogaceoacua aed | boot dossaeeullcee eee dOs tenes Seed Keen |echos do... 
A852 | QD |oveeeedO coecesecececeeeee | May 16,1856 |.0000+dO-.secenessleveeee|eoeees dovecsee 
8205 rot | Fort Laramie..........+. Sept. 8,1857 | Dr. Cooper. .....4) 187 | esse seen seen 
F213 bodoed leanpee doreseeatcess ae EMO eens carleciecceAOsiiscecs oes ISB) | cessiecaelice ese 
BQH (|e ccie|sceee sO scocecpeovccsccee [cove Os vecees|seveesdO scocesren 
6378)|«+-s0 | Fort-Thorn, N. Mase esos |secoeseseeeees| Dr. T. C. Henry. 
6379 3 California .....cccccscces PS | Dr. Heermann....).. 
6380 | © | Posa Creek, Cal......e00e seeteeeeceneee| Lt. Williamson .,|...... 
5545 | @ | Petaluma, Cal........... | May 11,1856 | E. Samuels...... 
SABI MIGiil levee es dO).evesieecsireseissss |p VBy. 24,1856 |-0.04 dO + seereees] 888 Jose essere, 
Length, 
Stretch | Wing. Remarks. 
of wings.| 
12.75 4537) |\ ceowsien ee eee eee eee 
12.75 4.25 . ase 
3.25 | Iris dark brown........ 
2.75 42D | secnccces cevccese eeeece 
12.62 4.12 | Eyes dull brown....... ° 
12.75 4.75 | Iris brown; bill brown. 
12.00 4.00 | Feet lead color.......... 
GUIRACA CAERULEA, Swainson. 
Biue Grosbeak. 
Lowia caerulea, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 306.—Witson, Am. Orn. III, 1811, 78; pl. xxiv, f. 6—? Wacter, Isis, 
1831, 525. 
Guiraca caerulea, Swainson, Birds Mex. in Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 438. 
Fringilla caerulea, Aup. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 140: V, 508; pl. 122. 
Coccoborus caeruleus, Sw. Birds II, 1837, 277.—Aup. Syn. 1839.—Is. Birds Amer. III, 1841, 204; pl. 204.—Casanis, 
Mus. Hein. 1851, 152. 
Cyanoloxia caerulea, Br. Conspectus, 1850, 502. 
Goniaphoea caerulea, Br. 
Blue grosbeak, Pennant, Arc. Zool. II, 1785, 351. 
Sp. Cu.—Brilliant blue ; darker across the middle of the back. Space around base of the bill and lores, with tail feathers, 
black. Two bands on the wing across the tips of the primary and secondary coverts, with outer edges of tertiaries, reddish 
brown. 
Feathers on the posterior portion of the under surface tipped narrowly with grayish white. 
Female yellowish brown above, brownish yellow beneath ; darkest across the breast, and lightest on the throat. Wing 
coverts and tertials broadly edged with brownish yellow. A faint trace of blue on the crown. 
3.50; tail, 2.80. 
Hab.—More southern United States from Atlantic to Pacific, south to Mexico. 
Length of male 7.25; wing, 
This species exhibits but little variety of coloration, except in the purity and intensity of its 
blue. 
