BIRDS —FRINGILLIDAE—PIPILO, 511 
A. First primary nearly equal to the secondaries. Tail moderately graduated, outer feather 
about a quarter of an inch shortest. Above, with head and neck, black; middle of belly white; 
sides chestnut brown. ‘Tail feathers with white patches. 
Hind claw scarcely longer than its digit, the toe and claw as long as the middle toe 
without its claw. Inner lateral claw reaching the base of the middle one. Middle toe 
and claw as long as the tarsus. 
White of tail occupying nearly the terminal half. Outer web of exterior tail 
feather almost entirely white, a black streak usually at the end. No white on 
the wing coverts and scapulars. Outer primaries edged with white through- 
out, this sometimes interrupted in the middle................. P. erythrophthalmus. 
Wing coverts with rounded, and scapulars with elongated oval spots of white on 
the tip of outer webs of the feathers, the white rarely extending to the edge of 
the feather. Outer web of exterior tail feather entirely black; the terminal 
white inner spot short. Primaries without white edges towards the base. 
Throat feathers without concealed white spot.......ccssceecessssceeesceues P.. oregonus. 
Hind claw a little longer than its digit ; the toe and claw together a very little longer 
than the middle toe without it. Inner lateral toe and claw reaching a very little be- 
yond the base of the middle claw. Middle toe and claw a little longer than the tarsus. 
Wing coverts and scapulars with spots at the ends of outer webs extending to the 
tip, and without black border on the edge. Outer web of external tail feather 
white, this entirely confluent with the extended terminal spot. Outer primaries 
broadly edged with white throughout. Throat feathers with concealed white 
BPOUS ys. aseinedssiss orien cosine sedesdesentasaedeuscsaea aeirisaaiucetoe sections eatttiateses P. arcticus. 
Hind claw much larger than its digit ; hind toe and claw reaching nearly as far as the 
middle of its middle claw ; the inner lateral claw reaching nearly as far ; the middle 
toe and claw longer than the tarsus. 
Wing coverts and scapulars with large sub-rounded and elliptical white spots. 
Scapular spots with a narrow edging of black externally ; the covert spots 
generally white to the edge, but not extending to the extreme end of the outer 
web. Primaries edged externally with white towards the end. Throat feathers 
with concealed white spots.........ceccscscecsssvers Seeines sacs eaatenaenes P. megalonyx. 
B. Tail more graduated ; outer feather half an inch shortest. First primary mostly less 
than the secondaries. Above light brown; beneath similar but lighter. No white on wings or 
tail. 
Hood tinged with chestnut. Middle of belly white; a dusky spot on the middle 
of the breast. Chin and throat lighter, encircled by spots......... P. mesoleucus. 
Hood almost like the back. Beneath uniform light brown, without the spot. 
Chintandsthroatmuch asin the*lastss 0: fei..i2s 2.82. alec esseta de ses, ites P. fuscus. 
Nearly uniform yellowish brown, paler beneath. Lores and chin dusky. P. aberti. 
C. Tail intermediate. First quill longer than the secondaries. Upper parts, with wings and 
tail olive green. 
Hood chestnut. Chin and throat abruptly white, surrounded by dark ash. 
P. chlorurus, 
I do not venture to give names to sections B and C in my ignorance of the numerous allied 
genera of South America and Mexico, Bonaparte makes a genus, Aveneria, (Comptes Rendus, 
